Poland
Poland, }} officially the Republic of Poland, }} is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, and has a temperate transitional climate, while its longest river is the Vistula. Poland is the fifth-most populous member state of the European Union, with its sixteen voivodeships comprising a total population of over 38 million and covering a combined area of . It is bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The nation's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk.Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Glacial Period. Culturally diverse throughout late antiquity, in the early medieval period the region became inhabited by the tribal Polans, who gave Poland its name. The process of establishing proper statehood, which began in 966, coincided with the conversion of a pagan ruler of the Polans to Christianity, under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church. The Kingdom of Poland emerged in 1025, and in 1569 cemented its long-standing association with Lithuania, thus forming the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the time, the Commonwealth was one of the great powers of Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first modern constitution in 1791.
With the passing of the prosperous Polish Golden Age, the country was partitioned by neighbouring states at the end of the 18th century. Poland regained its independence in 1918 as the Second Polish Republic and successfully defended it in the Polish–Soviet War from 1919 to 1921. In September 1939, the invasion of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union marked the beginning of World War II, which resulted in the Holocaust and millions of Polish casualties. Forced into the Eastern Bloc in the global Cold War, the Polish People's Republic was a founding signatory of the Warsaw Pact. Through the emergence and contributions of the Solidarity movement, the communist government was dissolved and Poland re-established itself as a democratic state in 1989.
Poland is a parliamentary republic, with its bicameral legislature comprising the Sejm and the Senate. It is a developed market and a high-income economy. Considered a middle power, Poland has the sixth-largest economy in the European Union by GDP (nominal) and the fifth-largest by GDP (PPP). It provides a very high standard of living, safety, and economic freedom, as well as free university education and a universal health care system. The country has 17 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 15 of which are cultural. Poland is a founding member state of the United Nations, as well as a member of the World Trade Organization, OECD, NATO, and the European Union (including the Schengen Area). Provided by Wikipedia
-
1by POLAND### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Warsaw (pub. 1918-)
-
2by Poland, Mathias### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 19871987.2 microfiches. -
3by Poland, Dorette### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1985Germany : Universität Hamburg, 1985.100, LIII S : graph. Darst ; 21 cm. -
4by Poland, Franciscus### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1895Dresdae 1895.1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. -
5by Poland, Bernard William### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1921Chicago, Ill., Loyola university press [c1921]138 p. 19 cm. -
6by Poland, Franz, 1857-### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1885Lipsiae, Typis B.G. Teubneri, 1885.118 p. -
7by Poland, Franz, 1857-### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1895Dresdae, Rammingsche Buchdruckerei, 1895.[3]-27 p. -
8by Müller, Theodor, writer on Poland### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1943[Krakau] Burgverlag Krakau g. m. b. h., 1943.135, [1] p. illus., maps (1 fold.) diagrs. 24 cm.“...Poland. Hauptabteilung Wissenschaft und Unterricht...”
-
9by Peregrinus, Provincial of the Dominicans in Poland### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1479Strassburg, Printer of the Ariminensis, 1479.320 p. fol. -
10by Sigismund III, King of Poland and Sweden, 1566-1632### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1597Stockholm, Gutterwitz, 1597.62 l. 4to. -
11by Sigismund III, King of Poland and Sweden, 1566-1632### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1596Stockholm, Gutterwitz, 1596.128 p. 4to. -
12by Sigismund III, King of Poland and Sweden, 1566-1632### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1593[Stockholm, Gutterwitz, 1593]1 broadside. fol. -
13by Sigismund III, King of Poland and Sweden, 1566-1632### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1594[Stockholm, Gutterwitz, 1594]1 broadside. fol. -
14by Sigismund III, King of Poland and Sweden, 1566-1632### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1598Stockholm, Gutterwitz, 1598]8 l. Fol. -
15by Sigismund III, King of Poland and Sweden, 1566-1632### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1598Warsaw? 1598]1 broadside. fol. -
16Published 1974### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Warszawa : Wydawn. Prawnicze, 1974.394 p. ; 21 cm.“...Poland...”
-
17Published 1974### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Warszawa, Wydawn. Prawnicze. 1974.577 p. 18 cm.“...Poland...”
-
18Published 1977### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Warszawa : Wydaw. Prawnicze, 1977 dr. ukończ. 1978224 p. ; 21 cm.“...Poland...”
-
19Warszawa [s.n.]v. ill. 29-44 cm.“...Poland...”
-
20Published 1945### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>[Warszawa?] : Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza "Czytelnik", 1945.1 online resource (78 pages).“...Poland...”
Center for Research Libraries
Online Resource