Martin Luther
Martin Luther (; ; 10 November 1483– 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar. Luther was the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism. He is regarded as one of the most influential figures in Western and Christian history.Luther was ordained to the priesthood in 1507. He came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; in particular, he disputed the view on indulgences. Luther attempted to resolve these differences amicably, first proposing an academic discussion of the practice and efficacy of indulgences in ''Ninety-five Theses'', which he authored in 1517. In 1520, Pope Leo X demanded that Luther renounce all of his writings, and when Luther refused to do so, excommunicated him in January 1521. Later that year, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V condemned Luther as an outlaw at the Diet of Worms. When Luther died in 1546, Pope Leo X's excommunication was still in effect.
Luther taught that salvation and, consequently, eternal life are not earned by good deeds; rather, they are received only as the free gift of God's grace through the believer's faith in Jesus Christ, who is the sole redeemer from sin. Luther's theology challenged the authority and office of the pope by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge, and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood. Those who identify Luther's wider teachings are called Lutherans, though Luther opposed the name, believing that those who professed faith in Christ should be called "Christian" or "Evangelic".
Luther's translation of the Bible into German from Latin made the Bible vastly more accessible to the laity, which had a tremendous impact on both the church and German culture. It fostered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation, and influenced the writing of an English translation, the Tyndale Bible. His hymns influenced the development of singing in Protestant churches. His marriage to Katharina von Bora, a former nun, set a model for the practice of clerical marriage, allowing Protestant clergy to marry.
In two later works, Luther expressed anti-Judaistic views, calling for the expulsion of Jews and the burning of synagogues. These works also targeted Roman Catholics, Anabaptists, and nontrinitarian Christians. Based upon his teachings, despite the fact that Luther did not advocate the murdering of Jews, some historians contend that his rhetoric contributed to the development of antisemitism in Germany and the emergence, centuries later, of the Nazi Party. Provided by Wikipedia
-
1by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546
Published 1997Minneapolis [Minn.] : Augsburg, [1997?]72 p. : ill., music ; 24 cm.Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
-
2by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546
Published 1520Lipsiae [i.e. Leipzig] : ex Aedibus Valentini Schumañ, Anno domini Millesimo quingentesimo vigesimo. [1520]55 p. : ill. (4to) -
3by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546
Published 1521Wittembergk [i.e. Wittenberg] : durch Johan: Grunenbergk, Nach Christ gepurt, Tausentfunffhundert vnd eyn vnd zwentzigsten Jar. [1521]79 p. (4to) -
4by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546
Published 1524[Wittenberg : Lukas Cranach & Christian Döring], 1524.11 p. (4to) -
5
-
6by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546
Published 1526Gedruckt zu Wittemberg, Michel Lotter, M.D.XXVI [1526][111] p. 19 x 15 cm. -
7by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546
Published 1521[Augsburg : Sigmund Grimm & Marx Wirsung, 1521]74 p. (4to) -
8by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546
Published 1523Wittemberg [i.e. Wittenberg] : [Cranach und Döring], M.D.xxiij. [1523][79] p. ; 19 cm. (4to) -
9
-
10
-
11
-
12
-
13by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546
Published 1594Lybeck [Lübeck] : Ahasweri Krogers Erffuinger genom Laurentz Albrectes Borgeres och Bockförares thersammestädz bekostning, 1594.ca. [57] leaves : ills., port. (woodcuts)Other Authors: “...Luther, Martin, 1483-1546...”
-
14by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546
Published 1520Getruckt zü Basel : durch Adam Petri, nach der geburt Christi. M.D.xx. [1520]114 p. (4to) -
15
-
16
-
17
-
18by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546
Published 1530Gedrückt zu Wittemberg [i.e. Wittenberg] : durch Georgen Rhaw, 1530.30 p. (4to) -
19by Luther, Martin, 1483-1546
Published 1530Gedrückt zu Wittemberg [i.e. Wittenberg] : durch Hans Weissen, 1530.20 p. (4to) -
20