Hugo Grotius

Portrait of Hugo Grotius<br />by [[Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt]], 1631 Hugo Grotius ( ; 10 April 1583 – 28 August 1645), also known as Hugo de Groot () or Huig de Groot (), was a Dutch humanist, diplomat, lawyer, theologian, jurist, statesman, poet and playwright. A teenage prodigy, he was born in Delft and studied at Leiden University. He was imprisoned in Loevestein Castle for his involvement in the controversies over religious policy of the Dutch Republic, but escaped hidden in a chest of books that was transported to Gorinchem. Grotius wrote most of his major works in exile in France.

Grotius was a major figure in the fields of philosophy, political theory and law during the 16th and 17th centuries. Along with the earlier works of Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili, his writings laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law in its Protestant side. Two of his books have had a lasting impact in the field of international law: ''De jure belli ac pacis'' (''On the Law of War and Peace'') dedicated to Louis XIII of France and the ''Mare Liberum'' (''The Free Seas'') for which Grotius has been called the "father of international law". Grotius has also contributed significantly to the evolution of the notion of ''rights''. Before him, rights were above all perceived as attached to objects; after him, they are seen as belonging to persons, as the expression of an ability to act or as a means of realizing something.

Peter Borschberg suggests that Grotius was significantly influenced by Francisco de Vitoria and the School of Salamanca in Spain, who supported the idea that the sovereignty of a nation does not lie simply in a ruler through God's will, but originates in its people, who agree to confer such authority upon a ruler. It is also thought that Grotius was not the first to formulate the international society doctrine, but he was one of the first to define expressly the idea of one society of states, governed not by force or warfare but by actual laws and mutual agreement to enforce those laws. As Hedley Bull declared in 1990: "The idea of international society which Grotius propounded was given concrete expression in the Peace of Westphalia, and Grotius may be considered the intellectual father of this first general peace settlement of modern times." Additionally, his contributions to Arminian theology helped provide the seeds for later Arminian-based movements, such as Methodism and Pentecostalism; Grotius is acknowledged as a significant figure in the Arminian–Calvinist debate. Because of his theological underpinning of free trade, he is also considered an "economic theologist".

After fading over time, the influence of Grotius's ideas revived in the 20th century following the First World War. Provided by Wikipedia
Showing 1 - 20 results of 41 for search 'Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645', query time: 0.04s Refine Results
  1. 1
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1748
    Hamburg : In Verlag Christian Herold, 1748.
    [50], 763, [48] p. : ill. ; 20 cm.
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  2. 2
    Amsterdami, apud Iohannem Blaev, MDCXLVI.
    3 p. l., 618 [45] p. 20 cm.
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  3. 3
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1661
    Hagae-Comitis, ex typografia Adriani Vlacq, 1661.
    8 p. l., 402 (i.e. 420), 96 p., 2 l., 67 p. 16 cm.
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  4. 4
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1632
    Amsterdami, apud Gvilielmvm Blaev, 1632.
    10 p. l., 421 [27] p. 16 cm.
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  5. 5
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1687
    Amstelodami, ex typographia P. & I. Blaev, et prostant apud Wolfgang, Waasberge, Boom, à Someren & Goethals, 1687.
    4 p. l., 977, [2] p. 39 cm.
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  6. 6
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1670
    Amstelaedami, apud Joannem Blaev, 1670.
    4 p. l., xviii, 620, [109], 28 p., 1 l. front. (port.) 21 cm.
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  7. 7
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1631
    [Breslau] : In Verlegung David Müllers, 1631.
    [18], 159, [1] p.
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  8. 8
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1689
    Amstelodami, sumptibus Abrahami à Someren, 1689.
    6 p. l., xxxiv, 904 [16] 32 [108 p. front. (port.) 21 cm.
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  9. 9
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1678
    London : Printed for John Barksdale ..., 1678.
    [6], 14, 95, [4] pages.
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  10. 10
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1626
    Upsaliae, Eschillus Matthiae, 1626.
    10 l.
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  11. 11
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1629
    [Germany? : s.n.], 1629.
    [7] p. 19 cm.
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  12. 12
    Parisiis, apud Nicolavm Bvon, M.DC.XXVI.
    6 p.l., 1006, [38] p. 24 cm.
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  13. 13
    Amsterdami, apud Iohannem Blaev, MDCXLIII.
    396 p. 14 cm.
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  14. 14
    Amstelodami, apud Ludovicum Elzevirium, MDCLV.
    4 p. l., 148, 932, [98] p. 18 cm.
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  15. 15
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1657
    Amstelaedami [i.e. Amsterdam] ex typographejo Joannis Blaev, MDCLVII. [1657]
    6 p. l., 569, [22] p. incl. port. 32 cm.
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  16. 16
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1679
    Amsterlaedami, heredes Joannis Blaeu, 1679.
    3 v. port. 39 cm.
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  17. 17
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1651
    Stockholm, Ignatius Meurer in Verlegung Christophori Eusebii Thalitsch, 1651.
    33, 308, [2], 309-624, [34] p. 12mo.
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  18. 18
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1625
    Parisiis, apud Nicolavm Bvon, 1625.
    1 p. l., [32], 506, 553-786, [78] p. 26 x 20 cm.
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  19. 19
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1662
    A Amsterdam, De l'imprimerie de I. Blaev, 1662.
    6 p. l., 676, [17] p. incl. port. 32 cm.
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  20. 20
    by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645
    Published 1648
    Parisiis, 1648.
    [4] 421, [16] p.
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