Pope Julius II
Pope Julius II (; ; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 144321 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death, in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope, Battle Pope or the Fearsome Pope, he chose his papal name not in honour of Pope Julius I but in emulation of Julius Caesar. One of the most powerful and influential popes, Julius II was a central figure of the High Renaissance and left a significant cultural and political legacy. As a result of his policies during the Italian Wars, the Papal States increased their power and centralization, and the office of the papacy continued to be crucial, diplomatically and politically, during the entirety of the 16th century in Italy and Europe.In 1506, Julius II established the Vatican Museums and initiated the rebuilding of the St. Peter's Basilica. The same year he organized the famous Swiss Guard for his personal protection and commanded a successful campaign in Romagna against local lords. The interests of Julius II lay also in the New World, as he ratified the Treaty of Tordesillas, establishing the first bishoprics in the Americas and beginning the Catholicization of Latin America. In 1508, he commissioned the Raphael Rooms and Michelangelo's paintings in the Sistine Chapel.
Julius II was described by Machiavelli in his works as an ideal prince. Pope Julius II allowed people seeking indulgences to donate money to the Church, which would be used for the construction of Saint Peter's Basilica. He was fiercely satirized after his death by Erasmus of Rotterdam in ''Julius Excluded from Heaven'', in which the drunken pope, denied entry by St Peter, justifies his worldly life and threatens to found his own paradise. Provided by Wikipedia
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1by Julius II, Pope, 1443-1513### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1512Impressum Norinberge [i.e. Nürnberg] : per venerabilem dñm Ioannẽ Weyssenberger Presbyterũ., 1512.7 p. (4to) -
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Published 1511[Nürnberg : Johann Weissenburger, 1511]7 p. (4to) -
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Published 1512[Nürnberg : Friedrich Peypus, 1512]8 p. (4to) -
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Published 1509[Augsburg : Johann Otmar, 1509]17 p. : ill. (2em) -
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Published 1509[Nürnberg : Hieronymus Höltzel?, 1509?]20 p. (4to) -
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Published 1511[Leipzig : Martin Landsberg, 1511]11 p. (4to) -
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Published 1511Liptzk [i.e. Leipzig] : Martinũ Herbipolensem ... [Martin Landsberg], [1511?]10 p. (4to)Other Authors: “...Julius II, Pope, 1443-1513...”
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8by Cortesi, Paolo, 1465-1510### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1510In Castro Cortesio [i.e. San Gimignano] : Symeon Nicolai Nardi, 1510.[11], 242 [i.e., 218], [8] leaves ; 32 cm.Other Authors: “...Julius II, Pope, 1443-1513...”
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9London [England] : British Library Reference Division, [19--]1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.Other Authors: “...Julius II, Pope, 1443-1513...”