North Vietnam
}}North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; ; VNDCCH), was a country in Southeast Asia from 1945 to 1976, with sovereignty fully recognized in 1954. A member of the communist Eastern Bloc, it opposed the French-supported State of Vietnam and later the Western-allied Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). The DRV invaded Saigon in 1975 and ceased to exist the following year when it merged with the south to become the current Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
During the August Revolution following World War II, Vietnamese communist revolutionary Hồ Chí Minh, leader of the Việt Minh Front, declared independence on 2 September 1945 and proclaimed the creation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The Việt Minh (formally the "League for the Independence of Vietnam"), led by communists, socialists, nationalists and even progressive elements of the landowning class was created in 1941 and designed to appeal to a wider population than the Indochinese Communist Party could command.
From the beginning, the communist-led Việt Minh sought to consolidate power by purging other nationalist groups. Meanwhile, France moved in to reassert its colonial dominance over Vietnam in the aftermath of WW2, eventually prompting the First Indochina War in December 1946. During this guerrilla war, the Việt Minh captured and controlled most of the rural areas in Vietnam, which led to French defeat in 1954. The negotiations in the Geneva Conference that year ended the war and recognized Vietnamese independence. The Geneva Accords provisionally divided the country into a northern zone and a southern zone along the 17th parallel, stipulating general elections scheduled for July 1956 to "bring about the unification of Viet-Nam". The northern zone was controlled by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and became commonly called North Vietnam, while the southern zone, under control of the non-communist State of Vietnam, was commonly called South Vietnam.
Supervision of the implementation of the Geneva Accords was the responsibility of an international commission consisting of India, Canada, and Poland, respectively representing the non-aligned, the capitalist, and the communist blocs. The United States, which did not sign the Geneva Accords, stated that it "shall continue to seek to achieve unity through free elections supervised by the United Nations to ensure that they are conducted fairly". Meanwhile, the State of Vietnam strongly opposed the partition of the country, with its prime minister Ngô Đình Diệm announcing in July 1955 that the State of Vietnam would not participate in elections, claiming that it had not signed the Geneva Accords and was therefore not bound by it, and raising concerns that an unfair election would occur under the Việt Minh governance in North Vietnam. In October 1955, Diệm's government held its own referendum, which was widely marred by electoral fraud, to depose Chief of State Bảo Đại and established the Republic of Vietnam with Diệm as its first president.
Failure to unify the country by referendum led to the Vietnam War in 1955. Supported by their communist allies, mainly China and the Soviet Union, the northern People's Army of Vietnam and the southern National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (Việt Cộng) guerrillas fought against the Military Forces of South Vietnam. To prevent other countries from becoming communist in Southeast Asia, the United States intervened in the conflict along with Western Bloc forces from South Korea, Australia and Thailand, who heavily supported South Vietnam militarily. The conflict spread to neighboring countries and North Vietnam supported the Lao People's Liberation Army in Laos and the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia against their respective US-supported governments. By 1973, the United States and its allies withdrew from the war, and the unsupported South Vietnam was swiftly overrun by the superior Northern forces.
The Vietnam War ended on 30 April 1975 and saw South Vietnam come under the control of the Việt Cộng's Provisional Revolutionary Government, which led to the reunification of Vietnam into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 2 July 1976. In the aftermath of the Vietnam War, the unified Vietnamese state experienced economic decline, refugee crises and conflicts with the Khmer Rouge in 1977 and China in 1979. The expanded Socialist Republic retained Soviet-style political culture, economic system and memberships in Eastern Bloc organisations such as COMECON until the Đổi Mới economic reforms in 1986 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Provided by Wikipedia
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1Published 1982Zug, Switzerland : Inter-Documentation, 1982.2 microfiches : positive, illustrations ; 11 x 16 cm.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic)...”
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2[Hà Nội] : Việt-Nam dân chủ Cộng hòa.v.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic)...”
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3Published 1976[Hà Nội] : Thủ tướng phụ chính, phủ Viẹt Nam dân chủ Cộng hòa xuá̂t bản, 1950-[1976]volumes : illustrations ; 27-31 cm.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic)...”
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4[Hà Nội] : [Việt-Nam dân chủ Cộng hòa]v. : ill.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic)...”
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5Published 1957Hà Nội : Bộ tư pháp xuá̂t bản, 1957.257 pages ; 25 cm.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic)...”
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6Published 1967Hà Nội : Bợ Nông Trương, 1967.175 pages.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic)...”
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7Published 1968Hà Nội : Vu ke toan tai vu : Bợ nơng Trương, 1968.32 unnumbered pages.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic)...”
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8Published 1962Hà-Nội : [Viện kiẻ̂m sát nhân dân tó̂i cao], 1962.29 unnumbered pages.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic)...”
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9Published 1950Hà Ṇôi : Nha thông tin, 1950.68 p.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic). Nha thông tin...”
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10Published 1963[Hà-Nội] : Phòng Tuyên Truyẽn, Tập San, Tòa Án Nhân Dân Tôi Cao, 1963-1968.5 volumes ; 27 cm.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic)...”
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11by Võ, Nguyên Giáp, 1912-
Published 1952[Hà Ṇôi] : Cục quân y và Cục quân nhu, 1952.20 p.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic). Quân đ̣ôi. Cục quân y....”
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12Published 1952[Hà Ṇôi] : Cục quân y và Cục quân nhu, 1952.38 p.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic). Quân đ̣ôi. Cục quân y....”
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13Published 1969Ha-Nội : Toà An nĥan dân Tơi Cao, 1969.198 pages.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic). Tòa án nhân dân tó̂i cao...”
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14Published 1950Hà N̂ọi : Cục tuyên húân, [195-?]58 p.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic). Quân đ̣ôi. Cục tuyên húân...”
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15Published 1951[Hà Ṇôi] : Quân y cục, 1951.1 v. (various pagings)“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic). Quân đ̣ôi. Cục quân y....”
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16Published 1962[Hà Nội] : Vụ pháp ché̂ Phủ thủ tướng, 1962-volumes.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic). Phủ thủ tướng. Vụ pháp ché̂...”
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17Published 1962Hà-nội : Viẹn kiem sát nhân dân tôi cao, 1962-1964.volumes : illustrations.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic)...”
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18Published 1963Ha Noi : Hội Dong Trọng Tài Trung Ương, 1963.209 pages.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic). Hội Dong Trọng Tài Trung Ương...”
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19Published 1974[Qu'ng Ninh], Vietnam : [Tòa án nhân dân], 1974.131 pages.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic)...”
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20Published 1974[Hai-Phong] : Phong Pháp Che thành Pho, 1974.128 pages.“...Vietnam (Democratic Republic)...”