Uruguay
Uruguay, , }} officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,}} is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. It is part of the Southern Cone region of South America. Uruguay covers an area of approximately . It has a population of almost 3.5 million people, of whom nearly 2 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo.The area that became Uruguay was first inhabited by groups of hunter gatherers 13,000 years ago. The first European explorer to reach the region was Juan Díaz de Solís in 1516, but the area was colonized later than its neighbors. At the time of European arrival, the Charrúa were the predominant tribe, alongside other groups such as the Guaraní and the Chaná. However, none of these groups were socially or politically organized, which contributed to their decline. Amid territorial disputes, the Portuguese established Colônia do Sacramento in 1680, and the Spanish founded Montevideo as a military stronghold. Uruguay secured its independence between 1811 and 1828, following a four-way struggle involving Portugal, Spain, and later the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and the Empire of Brazil. In 1830, the country enacted its constitution and was formally established as an independent state.
During the early years following its independence, Uruguay remained subject to foreign influence and intervention, along with a series of internal conflicts and political turmoil. From the second half of the 19th century, the country saw significant waves of European migration—mainly from Spain, Italy, and France—which greatly influenced its demographics and laid the foundation for modern-day Uruguayan culture and society. In the early 20th century, a series of pioneering economic, labor, and social reforms were introduced, leading to the establishment of a highly developed welfare state. Coupled with its political stability, this contributed to the country being known as the "Switzerland of the Americas".
Following Uruguay's independence, national politics were dominated by two political parties: the Colorado Party and the National Party, which clashed in several civil wars during the 19th century and are collectively known as the 'Traditional Parties'. At various points in history, the Executive Branch was organized as a collegiate body, with the last instance of this occurring in 1967. A series of economic crises and the fight against far-left urban guerrilla warfare in the late 1960s and early 1970s culminated in the 1973 ''coup d'état'', which established a civic-military dictatorship until 1985. Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government.
In 2023, Uruguay was categorized as being a "full democracy" in The Economist Democracy Index, and is highly ranked in international measurements of government transparency, economic freedom, social progress, income equality, per capita income, innovation, and infrastructure. The country has fully legalized cannabis (the first country in the world to do so), as well as same-sex marriage and abortion. It is a founding member of the United Nations, OAS, and Mercosur. Provided by Wikipedia
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2by Vidal, Francisco Antonio, 1957-, Pres. Uruguay
Published 1853Paris, Rignoux, Impr. de la Faculté de Médecine, 1853.36 p. 28 cm. -
3Published 1981Montevideo : Ediciones Jurídicas Amalio M. Fernández, [1981]1 online resource (316 pages)“...Uruguay...”
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4Published 1926Montevideo : "Casa A. Barreiro y Ramos" S.A., 1926.1 online resource (450 pages)“...Uruguay...”
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5Published 1931Montevideo : Claudio García, 1931.1 online resource (22 pages)“...Uruguay...”
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9Published 1980Montevideo : Acali Editorial : Secretaría de Publicaciones del Ministerio de Justicia, 1980.1 online resource (197 pages)“...Uruguay...”
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10Published 1981Montevideo : Ediciones Jurídicas Amalio M. Fernández, [1981]1 online resource (224 pages)“...Uruguay...”
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11Published 1899Montevideo : A. Barreiro y Ramos, editor, Librería nacional, 1899.1 online resource (272 pages)“...Uruguay...”
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12Published 1969Montevideo : Oficina Nacional del Servicio Civil, 1969.1 online resource (vii, 187 pages)“...Uruguay...”
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13Published 1969Montevideo : [Fundación de Cultura Universitaria], 1968 [i.e. 1969]1 online resource (2 volumes)“...Uruguay...”
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14Published 1933Montevideo : Claudio García, 1933.1 online resource (11 pages)“...Uruguay...”
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15Published 1977Montevideo : Barreiro y Ramos, 1977.1 online resource (xliii, 408 pages)“...Uruguay...”
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16Published 1944Montevideo : Editorial Florensa & Lafon, 1944.1 online resource (xxiv, 276 pages) : illustrations.“...Uruguay...”
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17Published 1952Montevideo : Ediciones de la Asociación de Escribanos del Uruguay, 1952.1 online resource (1 preliminary leaf, pages 369-480)“...Uruguay...”
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18Published 1942Montevideo : "Impresora moderna," [1942]1 online resource (xvi, 790, vi pages)“...Uruguay...”
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19Published 1980Montevideo, Uruguay : Fundación de Cultura Universitaria, [1980]1 online resource (70 pages)“...Uruguay...”
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20Published 1926Montevideo : Claudio García, 1926-1928.1 online resource (4 volumes)“...Uruguay...”
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