Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers
}}The Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (), or SCAP, was the title held by General Douglas MacArthur during the United States-led Allied occupation of Japan following World War II. It issued SCAP Directives (alias SCAPIN, SCAP Index Number) to the Japanese government, aiming to suppress its "militaristic nationalism". The position was created at the start of the occupation of Japan on August 14, 1945. It was originally styled the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers.
In Japan, the position was generally referred to as GHQ (General Headquarters), as SCAP also referred to the offices of the occupation (which was officially referred by SCAP itself as ), including a staff of several hundred US civil servants as well as military personnel. Some of these personnel effectively wrote a first draft of the Japanese Constitution, which the National Diet then ratified after a few amendments. Australian, British Empire, and New Zealand forces under SCAP were organized into a sub-command known as British Commonwealth Occupation Force.
These actions led MacArthur to be viewed as the new Imperial force in Japan by many Japanese political and civilian figures, even being considered to be the rebirth of the ''shōgun''-style government which Japan was ruled under until the start of the Meiji Restoration. American biographer William Manchester argues that without MacArthur's leadership, Japan would not have been able to make the move from an imperial, totalitarian state, to a democracy. At his appointment, MacArthur announced that he sought to "restore security, dignity and self-respect" to the Japanese people.
MacArthur was also in charge of southern Korea from 1945 to 1948 due to the lack of clear orders or initiative from Washington, D.C. There was no plan or guideline given to MacArthur from the Joint Chiefs of Staff or the State Department on how to rule Korea, resulting in a tumultuous 3 year military occupation that led to the creation of the U.S.-friendly Republic of Korea in 1948. He ordered Lieutenant General John R. Hodge, who accepted the surrender of Japanese forces in southern Korea in September 1945, to govern that area on SCAP's behalf and report to him in Tokyo. Provided by Wikipedia
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1Shakai hoshô seido e no kankoku. [Report of the Social Security Mission, translated into Japanese社會保障制度えの勸告. [Report of the Social Security Mission, translated into Japanese.Published 1948Tôkyô, Kôseishô, pref. 1948]326 p. fold. tables. 26 cm.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers...”
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2Published 1947[Tokyo?] : General Hedquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, 1947-1948.Vol. 18-35 : ill., maps ; 33 cm.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers...”
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3Published 1952[Tokyo] 1952.xi, 523 p. 27 cm.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers...”
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4Published 1946[Tokyo?] : General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, 1946-1948.30 v. : ill., maps ; 33 cm.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers...”
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5Published 1952[Tokyo] 1952.1 online resource (xi, 523 pages)“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers...”
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6Taipingyang da zhan mi shi太平洋大戰秘史 /Published 1946Shanghai : Gai zao ri bao guan, Minguo 35 [1946]11, 101 p. ; 18 cm.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers...”
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7Published 1946[Place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], [1946-48?.]2 microfilm reels ; 35 mm“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers...”
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8Published 1945[Tokyo?] : General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, 1945-1946.5 v. : ill., maps ; 33 cm.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers...”
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9Published 1946[Tokyo?] : General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, 1946-1947.12 v. : ill., maps ; 33 cm.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers...”
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10Published 1945[s.l., 1945-5 v. ill.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers...”
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11Published 1949Tokyo, Japan : General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, 1949.4 v. ; 23 cm.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers...”
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12Published 1946Tokyo : The Section, [1946-v. : ill. ; 26 cm.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Natural Resources Section...”
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13[Tokyo] : The Section,v.: ill. ; 26 cm.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Natural Resources Section...”
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14Published 1945[Tokyo] : The Section, 1945-1951.v. : ill., maps ; 26 cm.Also issued online.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Natural Resources Section...”
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15Published 1952Tokyo : The Division, 1952-v. : ill., maps ; 25 cm.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Natural Resources Division...”
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16Published 1951Tokyo] 1951.165 p. illus., maps. 25 cm.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Natural Resources Section...”
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17[Tokyo] : Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, Public Health and Welfare Section,4 v. : ill. ; 23-33 cm.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Public Health and Welfare Section...”
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18[Tokyo] : Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, Public Health and Welfare Section.1 online resource (4 v.) : ill.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Public Health and Welfare Section...”
Center for Research Libraries
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19Published 1952[Washington, D.C. : National Archives, World War II Records Division, 1952?]1 online resource (6 microfilm reels)“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Civil Historical Section...”
Center for Research Libraries: v.11-28
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20Published 1952[Washington, D.C. : National Archives, World War II Records Division, 1952?]6 microfilm reels ; 35 mm.“...Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Civil Historical Section...”