Pennsylvania

[[Independence Hall |dance = Polka |fossil = Trilobite |soil = Hazleton |image_route = PA-18.svg |image_quarter = 1999 PA Proof.png |quarter_release_date = 1999 |image_emblem=Pennsylvanian Keystone Symbol (dark blue).svg}}

Pennsylvania ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Dutch: ), is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, Maryland to its south, West Virginia to its southwest, Ohio and the Ohio River to its west, Lake Erie and New York to its north, the Delaware River and New Jersey to its east, and the Canadian province of Ontario to its northwest.

Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 through a royal land grant to William Penn, the son of the state's namesake. Prior to that, between 1638 and 1655, a southeast portion of the state was part of New Sweden, a Swedish Empire colony. Established as a haven for religious and political tolerance, the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania was known for its relatively peaceful relations with native tribes, innovative government system, and religious pluralism. Pennsylvania played a vital and historic role in the American Revolution and the ultimately successful quest for independence from the British Empire, hosting the First and Second Continental Congress, leading to the adoption of the Declaration of Independence and the formation of the Continental Army. On December 12, 1787, Pennsylvania became the second state to ratify the U.S. Constitution. The bloodiest battle of the American Civil War, at Gettysburg over three days in July 1863, proved the war's turning point, leading to the Union's preservation. Throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries, the state's manufacturing-based economy contributed to the development of much of the nation's early infrastructure, including key bridges, skyscrapers, and military hardware used in U.S.-led victories in World War I, World War II, and the Cold War.

Pennsylvania's geography is highly diverse. The Appalachian Mountains run through the center of the state; the Allegheny and Pocono mountains span much of Northeastern Pennsylvania; close to 60% of the state is forested. While it has no ocean shoreline, it has of waterfront along Lake Erie and the tidal Delaware River.

Pennsylvania is the fifth-most populous state in the United States, with over 13 million residents as of the 2020 United States census. The state is the 33rd-largest by area and has the ninth-highest population density among all states. The largest metropolitan statistical area is the southeastern Delaware Valley, which includes and surrounds Philadelphia, the state's largest and nation's sixth-most populous city. The second-largest metropolitan area, Greater Pittsburgh, is centered in and around Pittsburgh, the state's second-largest city. The state's subsequent five most populous cities are Allentown, Reading, Erie, Scranton, and Bethlehem. The state capital is Harrisburg. Provided by Wikipedia
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  1. 1
    Published 1825
    Harrisburg : Printed by John S. Wiestling, 1825.
    1 online resource (384, iv pages)
    “...Pennsylvania. Constitutional Convention...”
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  2. 2
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  3. 3
    Published 1803
    Philadelphia, Printed by J. Bioren, 1803.
    6 v.
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  4. 4
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  5. 5
    Published 1682
    [1682]
    1 online resource (8 unnumbered leaves)
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  6. 6
    Published 1887
    [Place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], 1887-1915.
    1 online resource ( volumes)
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  7. 7
    Published 1741
    [London] : [publisher not identified], [1741]
    1 online resource (12 pages)
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  8. 8
    Published 1701
    Philadelphia : Reynier Jansen, 1701.
    1 online resource (43 pages, 5 unnumbered pages)
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  9. 9
    Published 1777
    [Philadelphia] : [Printed by John Dunlap], [1777]
    1 online resource (1 page)
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  10. 10
    Published 1682
    [1682-1735]
    1 online resource ( volumes)
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  11. 11
    Published 1714
    Philadelphia : Printed & sold by Andr. Bradford, 1714.
    1 online resource (184 [that is, 174] pages)
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  12. 12
    Published 1790
    [Philadelphia, Pa.?] : [publisher not identified], [1790?]
    1 online resource (11 pages)
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  13. 13
    Published 1760
    [Philadelphia?] : [publisher not identified], [1760?]
    1 online resource (1 broadside)
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  14. 14
    Published 1762
    Philadelphia : Printed by Peter Miller and Comp., 1762.
    1 online resource (2 volumes) : coats of arms + 1 appendix (18 pages)
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  15. 15
    Harrisburg : Theo. Penn.
    Also issued on microfiche.
    Also issued in print.
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  16. 16
    Published 1768
    [Philadelphia] : [Printed by David Hall and William Sellers], [1768]
    1 online resource (1 broadside)
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  17. 17
    Harrisburg : State printer.
    1 online resource ( volumes)
    “...Pennsylvania...”
    Center for Research Libraries
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  18. 18
    Harrisburg : Singerly & Myers, State printers
    1 online resource ( volumes)
    “...Pennsylvania...”
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  19. 19
    Published 1740
    [Philadelphia] : Printed [by Benjamin Franklin], 1739 [i.e. 1740]
    1 online resource (2 unnumbered pages, 16 pages)
    “...Pennsylvania. General Assembly...”
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  20. 20
    Published 1873
    Harrisburg : B. Singerly, 1873.
    1 online resource (9 v.)
    “...Pennsylvania. Constitutional Convention...”
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