Jesuits
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The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III. The Society of Jesus is the largest religious order in the Catholic Church and has played a significant role in education, charity, humanitarian acts and global policies. The Society of Jesus is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 countries. Jesuits work in education, research, and cultural pursuits. They also conduct retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian works, and promote ecumenical dialogue.The Society of Jesus is consecrated under the patronage of Madonna della Strada, a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and it is led by a superior general. The headquarters of the society, its general curia, is in Rome. The historic curia of Ignatius is now part of the attached to the Church of the Gesù, the Jesuit mother church.
Members of the Society of Jesus make profession of "perpetual poverty, chastity, and obedience" and "promise a special obedience to the sovereign pontiff in regard to the missions." A Jesuit is expected to be totally available and obedient to his superiors, accepting orders to go anywhere in the world, even if required to live in extreme conditions. Ignatius, its leading founder, was a nobleman who had a military background. The opening lines of the founding document of the Society of Jesus accordingly declare that it was founded for "whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God,}} to strive especially for the defense and propagation of the faith, and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine". Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as "God's soldiers", "God's marines", or "the Company". The Society of Jesus participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.
Jesuit missionaries established missions around the world from the 16th to the 18th century and had both successes and failures in Christianizing the native peoples. The Jesuits have always been controversial within the Catholic Church and have frequently clashed with secular governments and institutions. Beginning in 1759, the Catholic Church expelled Jesuits from most countries in Europe and from European colonies. Pope Clement XIV officially suppressed the order in 1773. In 1814, the Church lifted the suppression. Provided by Wikipedia
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1Published 1569Lovanni, Rutg. Velpius, 1569.2 v. illus. 115 mm.“...Jesuits...”
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2A Paris, Chez Seastien [!] Cramoisy, & Sebast. Mabre-Cramoisy, ... M.DC.LXVI. .6 p.l., 128 p. fold. map. 17 cm.“...Jesuits...”
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3A Paris, Chez Sebastien Cramoisy et Gabriel Cramoisy, M.DC.LIV.2 p.l., 184 p., 2 l. 18 cm.“...Jesuits...”
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4Published 1566Lovanii, Rutg. Velpius, 1566.[25], 496 p. 114mm.“...Jesuits...”
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5Published 1676[S.l. : s.n., after 1676]19 leaves.“...Jesuits...”
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6Published 1583Bvrgos : Apud Philippum Iuntam, 1583.[2], 279, [5] p.“...Jesuits...”
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7Leodii, apud Arnoldum de Coersvvaremia, M.D.CI.112 p. 124 mm.“...Jesuits...”
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8Published 1575Alcalá, Iuan Iñiguez de Lequerica, 1575.[8], 314, [3] l.“...Jesuits...”
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9A Paris, Chez Sebast. Mabre-Cramoisy, M.DC.LXXI.5 p.l., 3-318 p., 102 p. 16 cm.“...Jesuits...”
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10Published 1593Antverpiae, M. Nutius, 1593.52 p.“...Jesuits...”
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11A Paris, Chez Sebastien Cramoisy, M.DC.XXXVII.4 p.l., 272, 223 p. 17 cm.“...Jesuits...”
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12A Paris, Chez Sebast. Mabre-Cramoisy, M.DC.LXX.1 p.l., 140 (i.e. 150) p. 16 cm.“...Jesuits...”
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13A Paris, Chez Sebastien Cramoisy, et Sebast. Mabre-Cramoisy, M.DC.LXVIII.4 p.l., 160 p. 18 cm.“...Jesuits...”
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14
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15A Paris, / Chez Sebastien Cramoisy / imprimeur ordinaire du roy / & de la reyne, / et Gabriel Cramoisy ... / M.DC.LV. /2 p.l., 176 p. 18 cm.“...Jesuits...”
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16by Maffei, Giovanni Pietro, 1536?-1603
Published 1589In Venetia, Appresso Damian Zenato, 1589.[30] p. ̋., 416 numb. ̋. (i.e. 832 p.) 21 cm.“...Jesuits...”
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17by Maffei, Giovanni Pietro, 1536?-1603
Published 1589Fiorenza, Per F. Givnti, 1589.26 p. l., 930 [6] p. 22 cm.“...Jesuits...”
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18by Maffei, Giovanni Pietro, 1536?-1603
Published 1589Coloniœ Agrippinœ : Mylij, 1589.541, [34] p. ; 31 cm.“...Jesuits...”
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19Published 1593Antwerpiae, Martinus Nutius, 1593.52 p. 124 mm.“...Jesuits...”
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20A Paris, Chez Sebastien Cramoisy, M.DC.LXI.3 p.l., 202 (i.e. 200) p. 18 cm.“...Jesuits...”