Industrial Workers of the World
The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), whose members are nicknamed "Wobblies", is an international labor union founded in Chicago in 1905. The nickname's origin is uncertain. Its ideology combines general unionism with industrial unionism, as it is a general union, subdivided between the various industries which employ its members. The philosophy and tactics of the IWW are described as "revolutionary industrial unionism", with ties to socialist, syndicalist, and anarchist labor movements.In the 1910s and early 1920s, the IWW achieved many of its short-term goals, particularly in the American West, and cut across traditional guild and union lines to organize workers in a variety of trades and industries. At their peak in August 1917, IWW membership was estimated at more than 150,000, with active wings in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The extremely high rate of IWW membership turnover during this era (estimated at 133% per decade) makes it difficult for historians to state membership totals with any certainty, as workers tended to join the IWW in large numbers for relatively short periods (e.g., during labor strikes and periods of generalized economic distress).
Membership declined dramatically in the late 1910s and 1920s. There were conflicts with other labor groups, particularly the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which regarded the IWW as too radical, while the IWW regarded the AFL as too conservative and opposed their decision to divide workers on the basis of their trades. Membership also declined due to government crackdowns on radical, anarchist, and socialist groups during the First Red Scare after World War I. In Canada, the IWW was outlawed by the federal government by an Order in Council on September 24, 1918.
Likely the most decisive factor in the decline in IWW membership and influence was a 1924 schism in the organization, from which the IWW never fully recovered. During the 1950s, the IWW faced near-extinction due to persecution under the Second Red Scare, although the union would later experience a resurgence amidst the context of the New Left in the 1960s and 1970s.
The IWW promotes the concept of "One Big Union", and contends that all workers should be united as a social class to supplant capitalism and wage labor with industrial democracy. It is known for the Wobbly Shop model of workplace democracy, through which workers elect their own managers and other forms of grassroots democracy (self-management) are implemented. The IWW does not require its members to work in a represented workplace, nor does it exclude membership in another labor union. Provided by Wikipedia
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1Published 1905New York, Labor News Co., 1905.616 p.“...Industrial Workers of the World...”
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2Chicago, Industrial Workers of the World.v. ill. 28-43 cm.“...Industrial Workers of the World...”
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3Published 1916Seattle, Wash. : Industrial Workers of the World, 1916-v. : ill. ; 43 cm.“...Industrial Workers of the World...”
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4Published 1976Oldham : I.W.W., [1976?][4] p. : ill. ; 21 cm.“...Industrial Workers of the World...”
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5Published 1931Chicago, Ill. : Industrial Workers of the World, [1931-1975]v. ill. 28-43 cm.“...Industrial Workers of the World...”
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7Detroit [etc.], Industrial Workers of the World [etc.]251 nos. in 12 v. ill.“...Industrial Workers of the World...”
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8Published 1923Chicago, Ill. : General Exec. Board of the Industrial Workers of the World, 1923-v. ; 40 cm.“...Industrial Workers of the World...”
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9Published 1919Chicago, Ill. : General Executive Board of the Industrial Workers of the World, 1919-v. : ill. ; 56 cm.Available on microfilm from the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, and from the Center for Research Libraries.“...Industrial Workers of the World. General Executive Board...”
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10Published 1912Detroit, Industrial Workers of the World, 1912-1924.1 online resource (251 no.) : ill.“...Industrial Workers of the World...”
Center for Research Libraries: no.1-251 (1912-May 1924)
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11New York [etc.] Labor Education Committee for Industrial Unionism.v. illus. 45-65 cm.“...Industrial Workers of the World...”
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12New York [etc.] Labor Education Committee for Industrial Unionism.1 online resource (v.) : illus.“...Industrial Workers of the World...”
Center for Research Libraries: Dec 1916-Mar 1918; May 1920-Aug 1921
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13by Anderson, C. W.
Published 1974Washington, D.C., National Archives and Records Service, 1974.1 microfilm reel. Negative. 35 mm.“...Industrial Workers of the World...”