Haiti
Haiti (; French: ; ), officially the Republic of Haiti (; ), and formerly known as Hayti, constitutions, and imperial declarations. Published writings of 1802–1919 in the United States commonly used the name ''Hayti'' (e.g. ''The Blue Book of Hayti'' (1919), a book with official standing in Haiti). By 1873 ''Haiti'' was common among titles of US published books as well as in US congressional publications. In all of Frederick Douglass' publications after 1890, he used ''Haiti''. As late as 1949, the name ''Hayti'' continued to be used in books published in England (e.g. ''Hayti: 145 Years of Independence—The Bi-Centenary of Port-au-Prince'' published in London, England in 1949) but by 1950, usage in England had shifted to ''Haiti''.}} is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island which it shares with the Dominican Republic. To its south-west lies the small Navassa Island, which is claimed by Haiti but is disputed as a United States territory under federal administration. Haiti is in size, the third largest country in the Caribbean by area, and has an estimated population of 11.4 million, making it the most populous country in the Caribbean. The capital is Port-au-Prince.The island was originally inhabited by the indigenous Taíno people, who originated in South America. The first Europeans arrived on 5 December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus, who initially believed he had found India or China. Columbus subsequently founded the first European settlement in the Americas, La Navidad, on what is now the northeastern coast of Haiti. The island was claimed by Spain and named , forming part of the Spanish Empire until the early 17th century. However, competing claims and settlements by the French led to the western portion of the island being ceded to France in 1697, which was subsequently named . French colonists established lucrative sugarcane plantations, worked by vast numbers of slaves brought from Africa, which made the colony one of the richest in the world.
In the midst of the French Revolution (1789–99), slaves, maroons, and free people of color launched the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), led by a former slave and the first black general of the French Army, Toussaint Louverture. After 12 years of conflict, Napoleon Bonaparte's forces were defeated by Louverture's successor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines (later Emperor Jacques I), who declared Haiti's sovereignty on 1 January 1804—the first independent nation of Latin America and the Caribbean, the second republic in the Americas, the first country in the Americas to abolish slavery, and the only state in history established by a successful slave revolt. Apart from Alexandre Pétion, the first President of the Republic, all of Haiti's first leaders were former slaves. After a brief period in which the country was split in two, President Jean-Pierre Boyer united the country and then attempted to bring the whole of Hispaniola under Haitian control, precipitating a long series of wars that ended in the 1870s when Haiti formally recognized the independence of the Dominican Republic.
Haiti's first century of independence was characterized by political instability, ostracism by the international community, and the payment of a crippling debt to France. Political volatility and foreign economic influence in the country prompted the United States to occupy the country from 1915 to 1934. Following a series of short-lived presidencies, François 'Papa Doc' Duvalier took power in 1956, ushering in a long period of autocratic rule continued by his son, Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier, that lasted until 1986; the period was characterized by state-sanctioned violence against the opposition and civilians, corruption, and economic stagnation. After 1986, Haiti began attempting to establish a more democratic political system.
Haiti is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States (OAS), Association of Caribbean States, and the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. In addition to CARICOM, it is a member of the International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. Historically poor and politically unstable, Haiti has the lowest Human Development Index in the Americas, as well as widespread slavery. Since the turn of the 21st century, the country has endured a coup d'état, which prompted U.N. intervention, as well as a catastrophic earthquake that killed over 250,000 people and a cholera outbreak. With its deteriorating economic situation, as well as recent calls by the IMF to cut fuel subsidies, Haiti has been experiencing a socioeconomic and political crisis marked by riots and protests, widespread hunger, and increased gang activity. As of February 2023 Haiti has no elected government officials and has been described as a failed state. Provided by Wikipedia
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3A statement of the laws of Haiti in matters affecting business in its various aspects and activitiesby Chauvet, Pierre, lawyer of Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Published 1947Washington, D.C. : Inter-American Development Commission, c1947.1 online resource (iii, 34 leaves)LLMC Digital
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4Published 1828Au Port-au-Prince : Chez C. Descauriet, 18281 online resource (738 p.)“...Haiti...”
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5Published 1828Au Port-au-Prince : Chez C. Descauriet, 18281 online resource (738 p.)“...Haiti...”
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6Published 1909Paris : Librairie générale de droit & de jurisprudence, 1909.1 online resource (ii, 347 p.)“...Haiti...”
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7Published 2012Port-au-Prince : [Press nationales d'Haïti], 2012.1 online resource (22 pages)“...Haiti...”
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8Published 1914Paris : Librairie générale de droit & de jurisprudence, 1914.1 online resource (ii, 345 p.)“...Haiti...”
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9Published 1868[Port-au-Prince : s.n., 1868?]1 online resource (14 p.)“...Haiti...”
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10Published 1948Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Impr. de l'État, [1948?]1 online resource (240 p.)“...Haiti...”
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11Published 1860[Port-au-Prince : Impr. nationale, 1860?]1 online resource (58 p.)“...Haiti...”
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12Published 1986Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Éditions Fardin, 1986.1 online resource (2 v. (957 p.))“...Haiti...”
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13Published 1904Port-au-Prince : Impr. nationale, 1904.1 online resource (14 p.)“...Haiti...”
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14Published 1852Réimprimée au Cap-Haytien : Impr. impériale, 1852.1 online resource (8 p.)“...Haiti...”
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15Published 1892Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Paris : Chez l'auteur ; A. Giard & E. Brière, 1892.1 online resource (x, 531 p.)“...Haiti...”
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16Published 1905[Port-au-Prince] : Impr. H. Amblard, [1905?]1 online resource (4 p.)“...Haiti...”
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17Published 1901Cap Haïtien, Haïti : Paris : Chez l'auteur ; V. Giard & E. Brière, 1901.1 online resource (122, 127 p.)“...Haiti...”
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18Published 1922Port-au-Prince : [s.n.], 1922.1 online resource (215 p.)“...Haiti...”
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19Published 1916Port-au-Prince : Imp. Edm. Chenet, 1916.1 online resource (152, [1] p.)“...Haiti...”
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20Published 1919Port-au-Prince : A.A. Héraux, 1919.1 online resource (9 p.)“...Haiti...”
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