East India Company

[[#Coat of arms|Coat of arms]] (1698)<br /><br />'''Motto:''' ''Auspicio Regis et Senatus Angliae''<br />[[Latin]] for "By command of the King and Parliament of England" The East India Company (EIC) Company Bahadur, or simply The Company.}} was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia), and later with East Asia. The company gained control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent and colonised parts of Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. At its peak, the company was the largest corporation in the world by various measures and had its own armed forces in the form of the company's three presidency armies, totalling about 260,000 soldiers, twice the size of the British army at the time.

Originally chartered as the "Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East-Indies", the company rose to account for half of the world's trade during the mid-1700s and early 1800s, particularly in basic commodities including cotton, silk, indigo dye, sugar, salt, spices, saltpetre, tea, and later, opium. The company also initiated the beginnings of the British Empire in India.

The company eventually came to rule large areas of India, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions. Company-ruled areas in India gradually expanded after the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and by 1858 most of modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh was either ruled by the company or princely states closely tied to it by treaty. Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the British Crown assuming direct control of India in the form of the new British Raj.

The company subsequently experienced recurring problems with its finances, despite frequent government intervention. The company was dissolved in 1874 under the terms of the East India Stock Dividend Redemption Act enacted one year earlier, as the Government of India Act had by then rendered it vestigial, powerless, and obsolete. The official government machinery of the British Raj had assumed its governmental functions and absorbed its armies.

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  1. 1
    British Library (Asian and African Studies)
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  2. 2
    London : Parbury, Allen, and Co., 1830.
    1 online resource (55 pages)
    LLMC Digital
    Online Resource
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  3. 3
    Published 1968
    [Farnborough, Hants., Eng., Gregg International Publishers, 1968]
    82 p.
    “...East India Company...”
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  4. 4
    Published 1907
    Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1907-1938.
    11 v. ; 23 cm.
    “...East India Company...”
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  5. 5
    Published 1815
    London : Printed by Nichols, Son, and Bentley, 1815.
    93 p.
    “...East India Company...”
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  6. 6
    London, Printed for Blacks and Parry.
    v.
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  7. 7
    Published 1949
    Delhi, Published for the National Archives of India by the Manager of Publications, Government of India, [1949]-1985.
    1 online resource (21 volumes) illustrations, facsimiles, portraits, folded maps
    “...East India Company...”
    Center for Research Libraries
    Center for Research Libraries: v.15 (1782/1786)
    Online Resource
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  8. 8
    Delhi, Oriental Publishers [1971]
    xvi, 452 p. illus., maps. (part fold.) 25 cm.
    “...East India Company...”
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  9. 9
    [London]
    v.
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  10. 10
    Published 1789
    Calcutta : Printed by George Gordon, [1789]
    76 p.
    “...East India Company...”
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  11. 11
    Published 1977
    Lahore : al-Kitab, 1977.
    277 p., : ill. ; 28 cm.
    “...East India Company...”
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  12. 12
    Published 1820
    London : Printed by order of the Court of Directors, 1820-26.
    1 online resource (4 v.)
    “...East India Company...”
    Center for Research Libraries
    Online Resource
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  13. 13
    v.
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  14. 14
    Published 1820
    London : Printed by order of the Court of Directors, 1820-26.
    4 v. ; 34 cm.
    “...East India Company...”
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  15. 15
    London : Printed by Nichols, Son and Bentley, 1814.
    59 p.
    “...East India Company...”
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  16. 16
    Published 1968
    [Farnborough, Hants., Eng. : Gregg International Publishers, 1968]
    1 online resource (82 p.)
    “...East India Company...”
    LLMC Digital
    Online Resource
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  17. 17
    Published 1966
    London, Kodak Ltd., Recordak Division, 1966.
    1 microfilm reel 35 mm.
    “...East India Company...”
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  18. 18
    by Showers, Samuel Howe
    Published 1796
    London : Printed for T. Gardiner, 1796.
    153 p.
    “...East India Company. General Court...”
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  19. 19
    Published 1784
    [London] : publisher not identified, 1784.
    1 online resource (160 pages)
    “...East India Company...”
    LLMC Digital
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  20. 20
    Published 1949
    Delhi, Manager of Publications [1949]-1985. [v. 1, 1958]
    21 v. illus., facsims., ports., fold. maps. 26 cm.
    “...East India Company...”
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