Fyodor Dostoevsky
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (, ; .}}|Fyodor Mikhaylovich Dostoyevskiy|p=ˈfʲɵdər mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪdʑ dəstɐˈjefskʲɪj|a=ru-Dostoevsky.ogg|links=yes}}; 11 November 18219 February 188128 January 1881}}), sometimes transliterated as Dostoyevsky, was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist and journalist. Numerous literary critics regard him as one of the greatest novelists in all of world literature, as many of his works are considered highly influential masterpieces.Dostoevsky's literary works explore the human condition in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia, and engage with a variety of philosophical and religious themes. His most acclaimed novels include ''Crime and Punishment'' (1866), ''The Idiot'' (1869), ''Demons'' (1872), and ''The Brothers Karamazov'' (1880). His 1864 novella ''Notes from Underground'' is considered to be one of the first works of existentialist literature.
Born in Moscow in 1821, Dostoevsky was introduced to literature at an early age through fairy tales and legends, and through books by Russian and foreign authors. His mother died in 1837 when he was 15, and around the same time, he left school to enter the Nikolayev Military Engineering Institute. After graduating, he worked as an engineer and briefly enjoyed a lavish lifestyle, translating books to earn extra money. In the mid-1840s he wrote his first novel, ''Poor Folk'', which gained him entry into Saint Petersburg's literary circles. However, he was arrested in 1849 for belonging to a literary group, the Petrashevsky Circle, that discussed banned books critical of Tsarist Russia. Dostoevsky was sentenced to death but the sentence was commuted at the last moment. He spent four years in a Siberian prison camp, followed by six years of compulsory military service in exile. In the following years, Dostoevsky worked as a journalist, publishing and editing several magazines of his own and later ''A Writer's Diary'', a collection of his writings. He began to travel around western Europe and developed a gambling addiction, which led to financial hardship. For a time, he had to beg for money, but he eventually became one of the most widely read and highly regarded Russian writers.
Dostoevsky's body of work consists of thirteen novels, three novellas, seventeen short stories, and numerous other works. His writings were widely read both within and beyond his native Russia and influenced an equally great number of later writers including Russians such as Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Anton Chekhov, philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche and Jean-Paul Sartre, and the emergence of Existentialism and Freudianism. His books have been translated into more than 170 languages, and served as the inspiration for many films.
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1by Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881
Published 1976Leningrad : Nauka, Leningr. otd-nie, 1976.481 p., [3] leaves of plates : ill., facsims., ports. ; 23 cm. -
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3by Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881
Published 1972Leningrad, "Nauka," Leningr. otd-nie, 1972-30 v. in 33 ports. 22 cm. -
4Berlin, Globus [n.d.]454 p. illus.
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5by Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881
Published 1935Leningrad : Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1935.603 pages : facsimiles, portraits ; 23 cm. -
6Ilāhābāda : Nīlābha Prakāśana Graha, [19--?]127 p. ; 18 cm.
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7by Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881
Published 1976Kraków : Wydawn. Literackie, [1976]345 p. ; 20 cm. -
8by Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881
Published 1935Leningrad : Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1935.1 online resource (603 pages) : facsimiles, portraits.Center for Research Libraries
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9by Baty, Gaston
Published 1933Paris : Éditions Coutan-Lambert, 1933.136 p. : ill.Other Authors: “...Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881...”
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10by Camus, Albert, 1913-1960
Published 1959Paris : Gallimard, 1959.]298 p.Other Authors: “...Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881...”
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11by Temiri︠a︡zev, B.
Published 1946Paris : Aux Editions des Quatre-Vents, 1946.131 pages : illustrations ; 19 cm.Other Authors: “...Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881...”
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12by Camus, Albert, 1913-1960
Published 1959[Paris] : Gallimard, c1959.182 p.Other Authors: “...Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881...”
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13by Neveux, Georges, 1900-
Published 1967[Paris] : Gallimard, [1967]176 p. ; 19cm.Other Authors: “...Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881...”
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14by Copeau, Jacques, 1879-1949
Published 1971[Paris, L'Avant-Scène, 1971]50 p. illus. 27cm.Other Authors: “...Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881...”
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15by Thomas, Robert, 1930-1989
Published 1962[Paris], [Plaisir de France], [1962]46 pages illustrations 27 cm.Other Authors: “...Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881...”
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16by Thomas, Robert, 1930-1989
Published 1962[Paris], [Plaisir de France], [1962]1 online resource (46 pages) : illustrations.Other Authors: “...Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881...”
Center for Research Libraries
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17by Glinka, A. S. (Aleksandr Sergeevich), b. 1878
Published 1902S.-Peterburg : Tip. M. M. Stas︠i︡ulevicha, 1902.192 p.Other Authors: “...Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881...”
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18Published 1995Moskva : Izd-vo "Nauka" : MAIK "Nauka", 1995.350 p. ; 22 cm.Other Authors: “...Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881...”
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19Published 1955[Paris] : L'Avant-scène, [1955-1965]v. : ill. ; 27 cm.Other Authors: “...Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881...”