World's Columbian Exposition
![Chicago World's Columbian Exposition and [[Statue of the Republic|''The Republic'' statue]] and administration building in 1893](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Looking_West_From_Peristyle%2C_Court_of_Honor_and_Grand_Basin%2C_1893.jpg)
The '''World's Columbian Exposition, also known as the Chicago World's Fair''', was a world's fair held in Chicago from May 5 to October 31, 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. The centerpiece of the Fair, held in Jackson Park, was a large water pool representing the voyage that Columbus took to the New World. Chicago won the right to host the fair over several competing cities, including New York City, Washington, D.C., and St. Louis. The exposition was an influential social and cultural event and had a profound effect on American architecture, the arts, American industrial optimism, and Chicago's image.The layout of the Chicago Columbian Exposition was predominantly designed by John Wellborn Root, Daniel Burnham, Frederick Law Olmsted, and Charles B. Atwood. It was the prototype of what Burnham and his colleagues thought a city should be. It was designed to follow Beaux-Arts principles of design, namely neoclassical architecture principles based on symmetry, balance, and splendor. The color of the material generally used to cover the buildings' façades, white staff, gave the fairgrounds its nickname, the White City. Many prominent architects designed its 14 "great buildings". Artists and musicians were featured in exhibits and many also made depictions and works of art inspired by the exposition.
The exposition covered , featuring nearly 200 new but temporary buildings of predominantly neoclassical architecture, canals and lagoons, and people and cultures from 46 countries. More than 27 million people attended the exposition during its six-month run. Its scale and grandeur far exceeded the other world's fairs, and it became a symbol of emerging American exceptionalism, much in the same way that the Great Exhibition became a symbol of the Victorian era United Kingdom.
Dedication ceremonies for the fair were held on October 21, 1892, but the fairgrounds were not opened to the public until May 1, 1893. The fair continued until October 30, 1893. In addition to recognizing the 400th anniversary of the discovery of the New World, the fair served to show the world that Chicago had risen from the ashes of the Great Chicago Fire, which had destroyed much of the city in 1871.
On October 9, 1893, the day designated as Chicago Day, the fair set a world record for outdoor event attendance, drawing 751,026 people. The debt for the fair was soon paid off with a check for $1.5 million (equivalent to $}} in ). Chicago has commemorated the fair with one of the stars on its municipal flag. Provided by Wikipedia
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201Published 1898Chicago : Rand, McNally & Co., 1898.497 p. : ill., map ; 25 cm.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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202Published 1890Chicago : The Committee, 1890.18 p. : ill. ; 21 cm.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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203Published 1893Des Moines, Iowa : Iowa Columbian Commission, 1893.[15] p. : ill. ; 11 x 18 cm.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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204Published 1892Chicago : Donohue & Henneberry, [1892?]20 p. : ill., plans, map ; 23 cm.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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205Published 1891Chicago : Rand, McNally & Co., 1891.16 p. : ports.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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206Published 1893[Chicago], [1893]2 volumes illustrations.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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207Published 1892Chicago : Donohue & Henneberry, [1892?]33 p. : plans ; 23 cm.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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208Published 1892Chicago : Donohue & Henneberry, [1892?]24 p., [2] folded leaves of plates : ill., map, plans ; 23 cm.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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209Published 1893Chicago, Chisholm Bros., 1893.[3] p., 12 folded leaves of photos. 23 cm.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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210Published 1893New York : Tiffany & Co., 1893.112 p. ; 14 cm.“...World's Columbian Exposition...”
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211Published 1893Chicago : Columbian Exposition and World's Fair, 1893.29 p. ; 20 cm.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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212Published 1892Chicago : Donohue & Henneberry, [1892?]33 p., [2] p. of plates : ill., plans ; 23 cm.Also issued online.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill.)....”
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213Published 1893Chicago ; St. Louis : National Chemigraph Co., 1893.37 leaves of plates : ill. ; 25 x 17 cm.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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214Published 1893Chicago : W.B. Conkey Co., 1893.20 p. ; 22 cm.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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215Published 1893[Chicago] Press Chicago Photo-gravure Co., 1893.1 p. ̋., 115 pl., 1 ̋. 19 x 26 cm.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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216Published 1892Chicago : Donohue & Henneberry, 1892.31 p. : plans ; 23 cm.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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217Chicago, Henson.v.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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218Published 1891Chicago : Rand, McNally & Co., 1891.1 online resource (52 p.)“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
Center for Research Libraries
Online Resource -
219Published 1893Chicago, W.B. Conkey company, 1893.[iii]-viii, 1120 p. front., illus., plates, ports., plans (1 fold.) 27 cm.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”
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220Published 1893[Berlin, Reichsdruckerei, 1893]347 p. illus.“...World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Ill....”