Senegal
Senegal,; }} officially the Republic of Senegal,}} is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated along the Atlantic Ocean coast. It borders Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal nearly surrounds The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow strip of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country. It also shares a maritime border with Cape Verde. The capital and largest city of Senegal is Dakar.Senegal is the westernmost country in the mainland of the Old World, or Afro-Eurasia. It owes its name to the Senegal River, which borders it to the north and east. The climate is typically Sahelian, with a rainy season. Senegal covers a land area of almost and has a population of around 18 million. The state is a presidential republic; since the country's foundation in 1960, it has been recognized as one of the most stable countries on the African continent. On the 2024 V-Dem Democracy Indices, Senegal is ranked 68th in electoral democracy worldwide and 10th in electoral democracy in Africa.
The state was formed as part of the independence of French West Africa from French colonial rule. Because of this history, French is the official language, but it is understood by only a small minority of the population. Over 30 languages are spoken in Senegal. Wolof is the most widely spoken, with 80% of the population speaking it as a first or second language, acting as Senegal's ''lingua franca'' alongside French. Arabic and Pulaar also remain popular among certain communities. Like other African nations, the country includes a wide mix of ethnic and linguistic communities, with the largest being the Wolof, Fula, and Serer people. Senegalese people are predominantly Muslim.
As a developing nation, Senegal is classified as a heavily indebted poor country, with a relatively low ranking on the Human Development Index (169th out of 193). Most of the population lives on the coast and works in agriculture or other food industries; other major industries include mining, tourism, and services. The historic lack of natural resources in Senegal has redirected efforts towards increasing literacy and educational attainment. Senegal is a member state of the African Union, the United Nations, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the Community of Sahel–Saharan States. Provided by Wikipedia
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101Paris, Institut de recherches agronomiques tropicales et des cultures vivrières, Service de coopération technique outre-mer.1 v. graphs.“...Institut de recherches agronomiques tropicales et des cultures vivrières (Senegal)...”
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102by Ramond, Claude
Published 1973Bambey : Centre national de recherches agronomiques, 1973.62 p.“...Institut de recherches agronomiques tropicales et des cultures vivrières (Senegal)...”
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103Published 1972[Bambey] : L'Institut, 1972.72, [23] p.“...Institut de recherches agronomiques tropicales et des cultures vivrières (Senegal)...”
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104by Richard, Jean François
Published 1976[Bambey] : I.N.R.A., 1976.224 p.“...Institut de recherches agronomiques tropicales et des cultures vivrières (Senegal)...”
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105Published 1986Jakarta, Indonesia : National Secretariat IGC, [1986?]1 v. (various foliations) ; 30 cm.“... Countries Dakar, Senegal...”
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106Published 1961Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1961.2 microfilm reels ; 35 mm.“...United States. Consulate (Dakar, Senegal)...”
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107by Dubois, J. P.
Published 1976[Dakar] : ORSTOM, 1976.59 p. : maps.“...Senegal. Direction de l'aménagement du territoire...”
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108Published 1976München : Verlag Dokumentation, 1976.117 p. ; 24 cm.“...General Conference on the Planning of Archival Development in the Third World Dakar, Senegal...”
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109Published 1977[s.l. : s.n., 1977?]25 p.“...Mahawa M'Body du Sénégal...”
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110by Pierce, Phillip C.
Published 1975Washington : U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Office of the Chief of Engineers, 1975.vi, 53 p. : map.“...Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal...”
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111by May, Jacques Meyer, 1896-1976
Published 1975[s.l. : s.n.], 1975.iv, 36 p.“...Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal...”
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112Saint-Louis, Sénégal : Confédération générale des travailleurs africains.v.“...Union des syndicats du Sénégal et de la Mauritanie...”
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113Environmental program for the integrated development of the Senegal River Basin : terms of referencePublished 1975[s.l. : s.n.], 1975.34 p. : map.“...Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal...”
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114by Ganry, F.
Published 1974[Bambey] : Centre national de la recherche agronomique de Bambey : Institut de recherches agronomiques tropicales et des cultures vivrières, 1974.24 p.“...Institut de recherches agronomiques tropicales et des cultures vivrières (Senegal)...”
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115Published 1963Paris : Présence africaine, c1963.436, [1] p. ; 22 cm.“... Dakar, Senegal...”
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116Published 1971[s.l.] : Senegalese Agriculture Service Headquarters, 1971.17 p.“...Institut de recherches agronomiques tropicales et des cultures vivrières (Senegal)...”
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117Published 1976[Dakar] : Office de la recherche scientifique et technique outre-mer, Centre de Dakar, Service hydrologique, [1976?]110 p., [45] leaves of plates : maps.“...Senegal. Ministère du développement rural et de l'hydraulique...”
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118Published 1973Bambey : Centre national de recherches agronomiques, Service de documentation et d'information, 1973.50 p.“...Institut de recherches agronomiques tropicales et des cultures vivrières (Senegal)...”
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119Published 1972Bambey : Centre national de recherches agronomiques, Service de documentation et d'information, 1972.72 p.“...Institut de recherches agronomiques tropicales et des cultures vivrières (Senegal)...”
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120Published 1974Bambey : Centre national de recherches agronomiques, Service de documentation et d'information, 1974.37 p.“...Institut de recherches agronomiques tropicales et des cultures vivrières (Senegal)...”