Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Dutch: ), is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. Pennsylvania borders Delaware to its southeast, Maryland to its south, West Virginia to its southwest, Ohio and the Ohio River to its west, Lake Erie and New York to its north, the Delaware River and New Jersey to its east, and the Canadian province of Ontario to its northwest.Pennsylvania is the fifth-most populous state in the United States, with over 13 million residents as of the 2020 United States census. The state is the 33rd-largest by area and has the ninth-highest population density among all states. The largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is the southeastern Delaware Valley, which includes and surrounds Philadelphia, the state's largest and nation's sixth-most populous city. The second-largest metropolitan area, Greater Pittsburgh, is centered in and around Pittsburgh, the state's second-largest city. The state's subsequent five most populous cities are Allentown, Reading, Erie, Scranton, and Bethlehem. The state capital is Harrisburg.
Pennsylvania's geography is highly diverse. The Appalachian Mountains run through the center of the state; the Allegheny and Pocono mountains span much of Northeastern Pennsylvania; close to 60% of the state is forested. While it has only of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River, Pennsylvania has the most navigable rivers of any state in the nation, including the Allegheny, Delaware, Genesee, Ohio, Schuylkill, Susquehanna, and others.
Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 through a royal land grant to William Penn, son of the state's namesake. Prior to that, between 1638 and 1655, a southeast portion of the state was part of New Sweden, a Swedish Empire colony. Established as a haven for religious and political tolerance, the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania was known for its relatively peaceful relations with native tribes, innovative government system, and religious pluralism.
Pennsylvania played a vital and historic role in the American Revolution and the ultimately successful quest for independence from the British Empire, hosting the First and Second Continental Congress leading to the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. On December 12, 1787, Pennsylvania became the second state to ratify the U.S. Constitution. The bloodiest battle of the American Civil War, at Gettysburg over three days in July 1863, proved the war's turning point, leading to the Union's preservation. Throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries, the state's manufacturing-based economy contributed to the development of much of the nation's early infrastructure, including key bridges, skyscrapers, and military hardware used in U.S.-led victories in World War I, World War II, and the Cold War.
Since the state's 1787 founding, a number of influential Pennsylvanians have proven national and global leaders in their respective fields. Pennsylvania also has accumulated a lengthy list of firsts among U.S. states, including founding the nation's first library (1731), the first social club (1732), the first science organization (1743), the first Lutheran church (1748), the first hospital (1751), the first medical school (1765), the first daily newspaper (1784), the first arts institution (1805), the first theatre (1809), the first business school (1881), and other firsts among the nation's 50 states. Provided by Wikipedia
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161Published 1683[1683-1817]1 online resource (12 volumes)“...Historical Society of Pennsylvania...”
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162[Harrisburg, PA.] : [Printer to the state of Pennsylvania]“...Pennsylvania. General Assembly...”
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163Published 1743Philadelphia : Printed by B. Franklin, M, DCC, XLIII. [1743]1 online resource (11 pages, 1 unnumbered page)“...Pennsylvania. General Assembly...”
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164Easton, Pa. : Express Publishing Company.1 online resource (2 volumes (viii, 448 pages))“...Pennsylvania. Supreme Court...”
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165by Sadler, Sylvester B. (Sylvester Baker), 1876-1931
Published 1904Rochester, N.Y. : Lawyers' Co-operative Pub. Co., 1904.1 online resource (10 v.)Also issued in microfiche.“...Pennsylvania. Supreme Court...”
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166Published 1776[Philadelphia] : Printed by John Dunlap, [1776]1 online resource (1 sheet)“...Pennsylvania. Council of Safety...”
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167Published 1896New York : Banks & Brothers, 1896-Online version of the print publication.Also issued in microfiche.“...Pennsylvania. Superior Court...”
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168by Watts, Frederick, 1801-1889
Published 1866Philadelphia : Kay & Brother, 1866-1867.9 v. ; 24 cm.Also issued in microfiche.“...Pennsylvania. Supreme Court...”
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169Published 1740[Pennsylvania?] : [Publisher not identified], [1740]1 online resource (9 pages, 1 unnumbered page)“...Pennsylvania. General Assembly...”
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170by Galerm, Jean Baptiste
Published 1756[Philadelphia] : [Printed by Benjamin Franklin and David Hall?], [1756]1 online resource (1 sheet)“...Pennsylvania. General Assembly...”
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171by Walker, Lewis Burd, 1855-1903
Published 1889Pottsville, Pa. : Standard Pub. Co., 1889-1901.1 online resource (4 v.)Also issued in microfiche.“...Pennsylvania. Supreme Court...”
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172Published 1789Philadelphia : Printed by Hall & Sellers., [1789]1 online resource (1 sheet)“...Pennsylvania. General Assembly...”
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173by Sergeant, Thomas, 1782-1860
Published 1818Philadelphia : Philip H. Niklin, 1818-1829.17 v. ; 23 cm.Also issued in microfiche.“...Pennsylvania. Supreme Court...”
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174by Yeates, Jasper, 1745-1817
Published 1889Philadelphia : T. & J.W. Johnson & Co., 1889-1890.1 online resource (4 v.)“...Pennsylvania. Supreme Court...”
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175Published 1757[Philadelphia] : [Printed by James Chattin], [1757]1 online resource (4 pages)“...Pennsylvania. General Assembly...”
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176Published 1777[Philadelphia] : [publisher not identified], [1777]1 online resource (1 sheet)“...Pennsylvania. Council of Safety...”
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177Published 1852Philadelphia : Printed by Joseph Severns & Co., 1852-1856.1 online resource (12 volumes) : illustrations, maps, portraits.“...Pennsylvania. Secretary of the Commonwealth...”
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178Published 1838Philadelphia : Printed by Thompson & Clark, 1838.1 online resource (32 pages)“...Pennsylvania. Constitutional Convention...”
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179Published 1871Philadelphia : J. Campbell, 1871.1 online resource (4 v.)“...Pennsylvania. Supreme Court...”
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180Published 1777Lancaster [Pennsylvania] : Printed by Francis Bailey, [1777]1 online resource (1 page)“...Pennsylvania. Council of Safety...”
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