Pennsylvania
|dance = Polka
|fossil = Trilobite
|soil = Hazleton
|image_route = PA-18.svg
|image_quarter = 1999 PA Proof.png
|quarter_release_date = 1999
}}
Pennsylvania (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Dutch: ), is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. Pennsylvania borders Delaware to its southeast, Maryland to its south, West Virginia to its southwest, Ohio and the Ohio River to its west, Lake Erie and New York to its north, the Delaware River and New Jersey to its east, and the Canadian province of Ontario to its northwest.Pennsylvania is the fifth-most populous state in the United States, with over 13 million residents as of the 2020 United States census. The state is the 33rd-largest by area and has the ninth-highest population density among all states. The largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is the southeastern Delaware Valley, which includes and surrounds Philadelphia, the state's largest and nation's sixth-most populous city. The second-largest metropolitan area, Greater Pittsburgh, is centered in and around Pittsburgh, the state's second-largest city. The state's subsequent five most populous cities are Allentown, Reading, Erie, Scranton, and Bethlehem. The state capital is Harrisburg.
Pennsylvania's geography is highly diverse. The Appalachian Mountains run through the center of the state; the Allegheny and Pocono mountains span much of Northeastern Pennsylvania; close to 60% of the state is forested. While it has only of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River, Pennsylvania has the most navigable rivers of any state in the nation, including the Allegheny, Delaware, Genesee, Ohio, Schuylkill, Susquehanna, and others.
Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 through a royal land grant to William Penn, son of the state's namesake. Prior to that, between 1638 and 1655, a southeast portion of the state was part of New Sweden, a Swedish Empire colony. Established as a haven for religious and political tolerance, the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania was known for its relatively peaceful relations with native tribes, innovative government system, and religious pluralism.
Pennsylvania played a vital and historic role in the American Revolution and the ultimately successful quest for independence from the British Empire, hosting the First and Second Continental Congress leading to the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. On December 12, 1787, Pennsylvania became the second state to ratify the U.S. Constitution. The bloodiest battle of the American Civil War, at Gettysburg over three days in July 1863, proved the war's turning point, leading to the Union's preservation. Throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries, the state's manufacturing-based economy contributed to the development of much of the nation's early infrastructure, including key bridges, skyscrapers, and military hardware used in U.S.-led victories in World War I, World War II, and the Cold War.
Since the state's 1787 founding, a number of influential Pennsylvanians have proven national and global leaders in their respective fields. Pennsylvania also has accumulated a lengthy list of firsts among U.S. states, including founding the nation's first library (1731), the first social club (1732), the first science organization (1743), the first Lutheran church (1748), the first hospital (1751), the first medical school (1765), the first daily newspaper (1784), the first arts institution (1805), the first theatre (1809), the first business school (1881), and other firsts among the nation's 50 states. Provided by Wikipedia
-
61New Haven : Research Publications, Inc., [n.d.]372 microfilm reels ; 35 mm.“...University of Pennsylvania. Library...”
-
62Philadelphia : [s.n.],v. ; 23 cm.“...Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane...”
-
63Philadelphia, Pa. : Pennsylvania Forestry Association,“...Pennsylvania Forestry Association...”
-
64Published 1799Boston, 1799.[2] p.“...Pennsylvania. County Courts...”
-
65by Gill, Benjamin, 1843-1912
Published 1913[State College? Pa. 1913]220 p. front. (port.) plates, facsim. 24 cm.“...Pennsylvania State College...”
-
66
-
67Harrisburg, PA, Harrisburg publishing co., state printer.“...Pennsylvania. Secretary of the Commonwealth...”
-
68Published 1797Barcelona : En la Oficina de Juan Francisco Piferrer, Impresor de S.M. : endese en su Librería administrada por Juan Sellent, [1797]28 p.“...University of Pennsylvania. Library...”
-
69Published 1799Albany, Websters [1799]27 p.“...Pennsylvania. County Courts...”
-
70by Bathe, Greville, 1883-
Published 1943Philadelphia, The Historical society of Pennsylvania, 1943.xiv p., 1 l., 215 p. front., illus., xliii pl.(incl. ports., facsims., diagrs.) maps (1 fold.) 29 x 24 cm.“...Historical Society of Pennsylvania...”
-
71Published 1929Philadelphia : The Museum, 1929-1937.9 v. ; 23 cm.“...Pennsylvania Museum of Art...”
-
72Published 1895[Philadelphia] : The Society, [1895]11 p. ; 24 cm.“...Historical Society of Pennsylvania...”
-
73Published 1972New Haven, Conn. : Research Publications, 1972.iv, 19 p. ; 28 cm.“...University of Pennsylvania. Library...”
-
74Published 1942Wilkes-Barre, Pa. : Pennsylvánska slovenská rímsko- a grécko-katolícka jednota, [1942-1944]3 v. : ill. ; 57 cm.“...Pennsylvania Slovak Union...”
-
75Published 1884Philadelphia, Spangler & Davis, printers, 1884.209 p. illus.“...Odontological Society of Pennsylvania...”
-
76Published 1905Harrisburg, Pa. : Harrisburg Pub. Co., state printer, 1905.1 v. : ill. ; 23 cm.“...Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry...”
-
77[Philadelphia, Pa.] : Historical Society of Pennsylvania, [19--]4 microfilm reels ; 35 mm.“...Historical Society of Pennsylvania...”
-
78by Jones, Horatio Gates, 1822-1893
Published 1869Philadelphia, King & Baird, Printers, 1869.36 p. fold. facsim. 23 cm.“...Historical Society of Pennsylvania...”
-
79Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Forestry Association.35 v.“...Pennsylvania Forestry Association...”
-
80Published 1907Harrisburg, Pa. : Harrisburg Pub. Co., state printer, 1907-1912.v. : ill. ; 23 cm.“...Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry...”