Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Dutch: ), is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. Pennsylvania borders Delaware to its southeast, Maryland to its south, West Virginia to its southwest, Ohio and the Ohio River to its west, Lake Erie and New York to its north, the Delaware River and New Jersey to its east, and the Canadian province of Ontario to its northwest.Pennsylvania is the fifth-most populous state in the United States, with over 13 million residents as of the 2020 United States census. The state is the 33rd-largest by area and has the ninth-highest population density among all states. The largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is the southeastern Delaware Valley, which includes and surrounds Philadelphia, the state's largest and nation's sixth-most populous city. The second-largest metropolitan area, Greater Pittsburgh, is centered in and around Pittsburgh, the state's second-largest city. The state's subsequent five most populous cities are Allentown, Reading, Erie, Scranton, and Bethlehem. The state capital is Harrisburg.
Pennsylvania's geography is highly diverse. The Appalachian Mountains run through the center of the state; the Allegheny and Pocono mountains span much of Northeastern Pennsylvania; close to 60% of the state is forested. While it has only of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River, Pennsylvania has the most navigable rivers of any state in the nation, including the Allegheny, Delaware, Genesee, Ohio, Schuylkill, Susquehanna, and others.
Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 through a royal land grant to William Penn, son of the state's namesake. Prior to that, between 1638 and 1655, a southeast portion of the state was part of New Sweden, a Swedish Empire colony. Established as a haven for religious and political tolerance, the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania was known for its relatively peaceful relations with native tribes, innovative government system, and religious pluralism.
Pennsylvania played a vital and historic role in the American Revolution and the ultimately successful quest for independence from the British Empire, hosting the First and Second Continental Congress leading to the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. On December 12, 1787, Pennsylvania became the second state to ratify the U.S. Constitution. The bloodiest battle of the American Civil War, at Gettysburg over three days in July 1863, proved the war's turning point, leading to the Union's preservation. Throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries, the state's manufacturing-based economy contributed to the development of much of the nation's early infrastructure, including key bridges, skyscrapers, and military hardware used in U.S.-led victories in World War I, World War II, and the Cold War.
Since the state's 1787 founding, a number of influential Pennsylvanians have proven national and global leaders in their respective fields. Pennsylvania also has accumulated a lengthy list of firsts among U.S. states, including founding the nation's first library (1731), the first social club (1732), the first science organization (1743), the first Lutheran church (1748), the first hospital (1751), the first medical school (1765), the first daily newspaper (1784), the first arts institution (1805), the first theatre (1809), the first business school (1881), and other firsts among the nation's 50 states. Provided by Wikipedia
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201Published 1927Harrisburg, PA : Published by Direction of the Secretary of Agriculture : Harrisburg Publishing Co., state printer, 1906-[1927]v. : ill. ; 24 cm.“...Pennsylvania State Beekeepers' Association...”
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202Philadelphia : [s.n.,v. : ill. ; 24 cm.“...University of Pennsylvania. Botanical Laboratory...”
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203Published 1938Philadelphia : Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, -1938.33 v. : ill. ; 24 -25 cm.Also issued online.“...Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art...”
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204Published 1812Harrisburg [Pa.] : Printed by J. Peacock, [1812]1 online resource (13 pages)“...Pennsylvania. Land Office...”
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205[Lancaster] : [State printer]1 online resource ( volumes)“...Pennsylvania. General Assembly. House of Representatives...”
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206Published 1786[Philadelphia] : (Printed and sold by R. Aitken.), [1786]1 online resource (25 pages, 1 unnumbered page)“...Pennsylvania. Comptroller-General's Office...”
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207Philadelphia, School of Education, University of Pennsylvania [etc.]31 v. 23 cm.“...University of Pennsylvania. School of Education...”
Center for Research Libraries: v.1, no.1-2, 4 (Nov 1926-Jan 1927, May 1927)
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208Philadelphia, School of Education, University of Pennsylvania [etc.]31 v. 23 cm.“...University of Pennsylvania. School of Education...”
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209[Mont Alto, Pa. : Penn State Forest School]v. : ill. ; 30 cm.Also available on microfilm.“...Pennsylvania State University. School of Forestry...”
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210[Mont Alto, Pa. : Penn State Forest School]v. : ill. ; 30 cm.Also available on microfilm.“...Pennsylvania State Forest School...”
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211[Mont Alto, Pa. : Penn State Forest School]v. : ill. ; 30 cm.Also available on microfilm.“...Pennsylvania State Forest School...”
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212Published 1903Harrisburg, Pa. : Wm. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania, 1903-1905.3 v. : ill. ; 23 cm.“...Pennsylvania. Dept. of Agriculture. Division of Zoology...”
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213Published 1909Boston : London : Boston Book Co. ; Sweet and Maxwell, 1909.1 online resource (lxxi, 689 p.)“...Pennsylvania Bar Association...”
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214Published 1836Harrisburg : Published by the Board of Commissioners for the Geological Survey, 1836-1887.1 online resource (6 volumes) : illustrations.“...Geological Survey of Pennsylvania...”
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215Published 1726Philadelphia : Printed and sold by Andrew Bradford, in Second-Street., [1726]1 online resource (4 pages)“...Pennsylvania. Lieutenant Governor (1726-1736 : Gordon)...”
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216Published 1805[Pennsylvania] : Benjamin Grimler, printer, [1805]1 online resource (1 sheet)“...Pennsylvania. Governor (1799-1808 : McKean)...”
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217Published 1755[London] : [Publisher not identified], [1755]1 online resource (18 pages)“...Pennsylvania. Lieutenant Governor (1754-1756 : Morris)...”
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218Published 1727[Philadelphia] : [Printed by Andrew Bradford], [1727]1 online resource (4 pages)“...Pennsylvania. Lieutenant Governor (1726-1736 : Gordon)...”
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219Published 1908[Bedford Springs? : Pennsylvania Bar Association], 1908.1 online resource (63 p.)“...Pennsylvania Bar Association. Committee on Uniform Legislation...”
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220Published 1852[Harrisburg, Pa. : The Society, 1852-v. ; 23 cm.“...Pennsylvania State Agricultural Society...”