Florence Nightingale

Nightingale, {{c.|1860}} Florence Nightingale (; 12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910) was an English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing. Nightingale came to prominence while serving as a manager and trainer of nurses during the Crimean War, in which she organised care for wounded soldiers at Constantinople. She significantly reduced death rates by improving hygiene and living standards. Nightingale gave nursing a favourable reputation and became an icon of Victorian culture, especially in the persona of "The Lady with the Lamp" making rounds of wounded soldiers at night.

Recent commentators have asserted that Nightingale's Crimean War achievements were exaggerated by the media at the time, but critics agree on the importance of her later work in professionalising nursing roles for women.}} In 1860, she laid the foundation of professional nursing with the establishment of her nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London. It was the first secular nursing school in the world and is now part of King's College London. In recognition of her pioneering work in nursing, the Nightingale Pledge taken by new nurses, and the Florence Nightingale Medal, the highest international distinction a nurse can achieve, were named in her honour, and the annual International Nurses Day is celebrated on her birthday. Her social reforms included improving healthcare for all sections of British society, advocating better hunger relief in India, helping to abolish prostitution laws that were harsh for women, and expanding the acceptable forms of female participation in the workforce.

Nightingale was an innovator in statistics; she represented her analysis in graphical forms to ease drawing conclusions and actionables from data. She is famous for usage of the polar area diagram, also called the Nightingale rose diagram, which is equivalent to a modern circular histogram or pie chart. This diagram is still regularly used in data visualisation.

Nightingale was a prodigious and versatile writer. In her lifetime, much of her published work was concerned with spreading medical knowledge. Some of her tracts were written in simple English so that they could easily be understood by those with poor literary skills. Much of her writing, including her extensive work on religion and mysticism, has only been published posthumously. Provided by Wikipedia
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  1. 61
    Published 1930
    [London] : [publisher not identified], [1930]
    pages 178-179.
    Other Authors: “...Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910...”
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  2. 62
    Published 1916
    Waltham, Mass. : E.L. Barry, 1916.
    64 pages : illustrations.
    Other Authors: “...Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910...”
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  3. 63
    Published 1912
    Waltham, Mass. : E.L. Barry, 1912.
    72 pages : illustrations, facsimile, plans.
    Other Authors: “...Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910...”
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  4. 64
    by Rathbone, William, 1819-1902
    Published 1890
    London ; New York : Macmillan, 1890.
    xxii, 132 pages ; 19 cm.
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  5. 65
    by Sullivan, Howard A., 1921-
    Published 1963
    Detroit : Wayne State University Libraries, 1963.
    iv, 20 pages ; 21 cm.
    Other Authors: “...Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910...”
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  6. 66
    Published 1921
    [1921-1925]
    3 pieces.
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  7. 67
    Published 1860
    [London?] : [publisher not identified], [1860?]
    19, 8 pages.
    Other Authors: “...Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910...”
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  8. 68
    Published 1857
    London : Harrison, 1857.
    68 pages, [1] leaf of plates : illustrations.
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  9. 69
    Published 1954
    [London?] : [publisher not identified], [1954]
    7 sheets.
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  10. 70
    Published 1910
    Waltham, Mass. : E.L. Barry, 1910.
    69 pages, [4] leaves of plates : illustrations, facsimile, plans.
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  11. 71
    Published 1921
    [Place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], [1921?]
    approximately 55 leaves.
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  12. 72
    Pasadena, Calif. : Castle Press, 1958.
    19 pages : facsimiles.
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  13. 73
    Published 1930
    [1930]
    1 volume (various pagings) : illustrations.
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  14. 74
    [New York] : G.P. Putnam, 1950.
    v, 172, [15] pages : facsimile ; 20 cm.
    Other Authors: “...Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910...”
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