Lev Kamenev
Lev Borisovich Kamenev.}} (''né'' Rozenfeld;}} – 25 August 1936) was a Russian revolutionary and Soviet politician. An Old Bolshevik, Kamenev was a leading figure in the early Soviet government, serving as the first head of state of the Russian SFSR as chairman of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, and as a deputy premier of the Soviet Union from 1923 to 1926, among other roles.Born in Moscow to a family active in revolutionary politics, Kamenev joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1901 and sided with Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction after the party's 1903 split. He was arrested several times and participated in the failed Revolution of 1905, after which he moved abroad and became one of Lenin's close associates. In 1914, he was arrested upon returning to Saint Petersburg and exiled to Siberia. He returned after the February Revolution of 1917, which overthrew the monarchy, and joined Grigory Zinoviev in opposing Lenin's "April Theses" and the armed seizure of power known as the October Revolution. Nevertheless, he briefly served as the ''de facto'' head of state as chairman of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets and held a number of senior posts, including chairman of the Moscow Soviet and deputy premier under Lenin. In 1919, Kamenev was elected as a full member of the first Politburo.
During Lenin's final illness in 1923–1924, Kamenev formed a leadership troika with Zinoviev and Joseph Stalin which led to Leon Trotsky's downfall. Stalin subsequently turned against his former allies and ousted Kamenev from the Soviet leadership, after which Kamenev and Zinoviev aligned with Trotsky in the United Opposition against Stalin. Kamenev was removed from his positions in 1926 and expelled from the party in 1927, before submitting to Stalin's increasing power and rejoining the party the next year. He and Zinoviev were again expelled from the party in 1932, as a result of the Ryutin affair, and were re-admitted in 1933.
In 1934, Kamenev was arrested after the assassination of Sergei Kirov, accused of complicity in his killing, and sentenced to ten years in prison. He was later made a chief defendant in the Trial of the Sixteen (the show trial at the beginning of Stalin's Great Purge), found guilty of treason, and executed in August 1936. Provided by Wikipedia
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1by Kamenev, Lev Borisovich, 1883-1936
Published 1925Moskva : Izd. Moskovskogo soveta R., K. i K.D., 1925.48 p. ; 21 cm. -
2by Kamenev, Lev Borisovich, 1883-1936
Published 1926Shupashkar : Chăvash Respuplĕkĕnchi Kĕneke Kălarakan uĭrăm, 1926.48 p. ; 22 cm. -
3Trot︠s︡kiĭ pered sudom Kommunisticheskoĭ partii : 1917 : uroki Okti︠a︡bri︠a︡Троцкий перед судом Коммунистической партии 1917 : уроки Октября /Published 1925[Berlin] Berlinskoe kn-vo [1925?]1 online resource (59, 79 p.)Other Authors: “...Kamenev, Lev Borisovich, 1883-1936...”
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4Trot︠s︡kiĭ pered sudom Kommunisticheskoĭ partii : 1917 : uroki Okti︠a︡bri︠a︡Троцкий перед судом Коммунистической партии 1917 : уроки Октября /Published 1925[Berlin] Berlinskoe kn-vo [1925?]59, 79 p. 23 cm.Other Authors: “...Kamenev, Lev Borisovich, 1883-1936...”