Haiti
Haiti, ; French: ; }} officially the Republic of Haiti,; }} constitutions, and imperial declarations. Published writings of 1802–1919 in the United States commonly used the name ''Hayti'' (e.g. ''The Blue Book of Hayti'' (1919), a book with official standing in Haiti). By 1873 ''Haiti'' was common among titles of US published books as well as in US congressional publications. In all of Frederick Douglass' publications after 1890, he used ''Haiti''. As late as 1949, the name ''Hayti'' continued to be used in books published in England (e.g. ''Hayti: 145 Years of Independence—The Bi-Centenary of Port-au-Prince'' published in London, England in 1949) but by 1950, usage in England had shifted to ''Haiti''.}} is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of The Bahamas. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Haiti is , the third largest country in the Caribbean, and has an estimated population of 11.4 million, making it the most populous Caribbean country. The capital is Port-au-Prince.The island was originally inhabited by the Taíno people. The first Europeans arrived in December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus. Columbus founded the first European settlement in the Americas, La Navidad, on what is now the northeastern coast of Haiti. The island was claimed by Spain, forming part of the Spanish Empire until the early 17th century. Competing claims and settlements led to the west of the island being ceded to France in 1697, which was subsequently named Saint-Domingue. French colonists established sugarcane plantations, worked by enslaved persons brought from Africa, which made the colony one of the world's richest.
In the midst of the French Revolution, enslaved persons, maroons, and free people of color launched the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), led by a former slave and general of the French Army, Toussaint Louverture. Napoleon's forces were defeated by Louverture's successor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines (later Emperor Jacques I), who declared Haiti's sovereignty on 1 January 1804, leading to a massacre of the French. The country became the first independent nation of Latin America and the Caribbean, the second republic in the Americas, the first country in the Americas to eliminate slavery, and only country established by a slave revolt. President Jean-Pierre Boyer attempted to expand Haitian influence over the eastern part of Hispaniola, which eventually led to the Haitian–Dominican Wars. Haiti recognized Dominican independence in 1867, following their declaration in 1844. Haiti's first century of independence was characterized by political instability, ostracism by the international community, and payment of a crippling debt to France. Political volatility and foreign economic influence prompted the US to occupy the country between 1915 and 1934. François 'Papa Doc' Duvalier took power in 1957, ushering in a long period of autocratic rule continued by his son, Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier, that lasted until 1986; the period was characterized by state-sanctioned violence against the opposition and civilians, corruption, and economic stagnation. After 1986, Haiti established a relatively more democratic political system.
Haiti is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States (OAS), Association of Caribbean States, and the . In addition to CARICOM, it is a member of the International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, and Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. Historically poor and politically unstable, Haiti has the lowest Human Development Index in the Americas, as well as widespread slavery. The country endured a 2004 coup d'état, which prompted U.N. intervention, as well as a catastrophic earthquake in 2010 that killed over 250,000 people and a cholera outbreak. With its deteriorating economic situation, Haiti has experienced a socioeconomic and political crisis marked by riots and protests, widespread hunger, and increased gang activity. As of February 2023, Haiti has no remaining elected government officials and has been described as a failed state. Provided by Wikipedia
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181Published 1813### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Au Cap-Henry : Chez P. Roux, imprimeur du Roi, [1813]1 online resource (5 p.)“...Haiti...”
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182Published 1954### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Impr. de l'État, 1954.1 online resource (xiv, 511 p.) : map.“...Haiti...”
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183Published 1849### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : l'Impr. impériale, [1849]1 online resource (16 p.)“...Haiti...”
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184Published 1849### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : l'Impr. impériale, [1849]1 online resource (12 p.)“...Haiti...”
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185Published 2006### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : Éditions Presses nationales d'Haïti, [2006]1 online resource (163 p.)“...Haiti...”
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186Published 1985### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>[Port-au-Prince] : B.R.H., 1985.1 online resource (165 p.)“...Haiti...”
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187[Port-au-Prince, Haïti] : [Presses nationales d'Haïti]1 online resource ( volumes)“...Haiti...”
1955-1956
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188Published 1813### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Cap-Henry : P. Roux, 1813.1 online resource (1 broadside)“...Haiti...”
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189Published 1813### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>[Au Cap-Henry : P. Roux, 1813]1 online resource (2 p.)“...Haiti...”
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190Published 1819### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>À Sans-Souci : Impr. royale, 1819.1 online resource (1 broadside)“...Haiti...”
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191Published 1920### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : Comité de Port-au-Prince, [1920]-volumes.“...Union patriotique (Haiti)...”
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192Published 1826### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : Impr. du gouvernement, [1826]1 online resource (4 p.)“...Haiti...”
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193Published 1826### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : Impr. du gouvernement, [1826]1 online resource (30 p.)“...Haiti...”
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194Published 1836### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : Impr. du Gouvernement, [1836]1 online resource (12 p.)“...Haiti...”
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195Published 1826### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Au Port-au-Prince : de l'Impr. du gouvernement, [1826]1 online resource (3 p.)“...Haiti...”
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196Published 1945### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Impr. de l'État, 1945.1 online resource (xi, 290 p.)“...Haiti...”
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197Published 1827### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : de l'Impr. de T. Bouchereau, E. Nau et cie, [1827]1 online resource (8, [1] p.)“...Haiti...”
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198Published 1840### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : de l'Imprimerie du gouvernement, 1840.1 online resource (12 p.)“...Haiti...”
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199Published 1826### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : de l'Impr. du gouvernement, [1826]1 online resource (6 p.)“...Haiti...”
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200Published 1826### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Au Port-au-Prince : de l'Impr. du gouvernement, [1826]1 online resource (4 p.)“...Haiti...”
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