Haiti
Haiti, ; French: ; }} officially the Republic of Haiti,; }} constitutions, and imperial declarations. Published writings of 1802–1919 in the United States commonly used the name ''Hayti'' (e.g. ''The Blue Book of Hayti'' (1919), a book with official standing in Haiti). By 1873 ''Haiti'' was common among titles of US published books as well as in US congressional publications. In all of Frederick Douglass' publications after 1890, he used ''Haiti''. As late as 1949, the name ''Hayti'' continued to be used in books published in England (e.g. ''Hayti: 145 Years of Independence—The Bi-Centenary of Port-au-Prince'' published in London, England in 1949) but by 1950, usage in England had shifted to ''Haiti''.}} is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of The Bahamas. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Haiti is the third largest country in the Caribbean, and with an estimated population of 11.4 million, is the most populous Caribbean country. The capital and largest city is Port-au-Prince.The island was originally inhabited by the Taíno people. The first Europeans arrived in December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus, establishing the first European settlement in the Americas, La Navidad, on what is now the northeastern coast of Haiti. The island formed part of the Spanish Empire until 1697, when the western portion was ceded to France and subsequently renamed Saint-Domingue. French colonists established sugarcane plantations, worked by enslaved persons brought from Africa, which made the colony one of the world's richest.
In the midst of the French Revolution, enslaved persons, maroons, and free people of color launched the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), led by a former slave and general of the French Army, Toussaint Louverture. Napoleon's forces were defeated by Louverture's successor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines (later Emperor Jacques I), who declared Haiti's sovereignty on 1 January 1804, leading to a massacre of the French. Haiti became the first independent nation in the Caribbean, the second republic in the Americas, the first country in the Americas to officially abolish slavery, and the only country in history established by a slave revolt.
The first century of independence was characterized by political instability, international isolation, crippling debt payments to France, and a costly war with neighboring Dominican Republic. Political volatility and foreign economic influence prompted a U.S. occupation from 1915 to 1934. A series of unstable presidencies gave way to nearly three decades of dictatorship under the Duvalier family (1957–1986), which brought state-sanctioned violence, corruption, and economic stagnation. Following a coup d'état in 2004, the United Nations intervened to stabilize the country. In 2010, Haiti suffered a catastrophic earthquake, followed by a deadly cholera outbreak. With its deteriorating economic situation, Haiti has experienced a socioeconomic and political crisis marked by riots and protests, widespread hunger, and increased gang activity. As of May 2024, the country has had no remaining elected government officials and has been described as a failed state.
Haiti is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States (OAS), Association of Caribbean States, and the . In addition to CARICOM, it is a member of the International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, and Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. Historically poor and politically unstable, Haiti has the lowest Human Development Index in the Americas. Provided by Wikipedia
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141Published 1930Port-au-Prince : Impr. nationale, 1930.1 online resource (20 p.)“...Haiti...”
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143Published 1865Port-au-Prince : S. Rouzier, 1865-1883.1 online resource (3 v.)“...Haiti...”
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144Published 1950Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Impr. de l'État, 1950.1 online resource (13 p.)“...Haiti...”
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145Published 1949[Port-au-Prince? : Impr. de l'État?, 1949]1 online resource (1 v. (various foliations))“...Haiti...”
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146Published 1904Port-au-Prince : Impr. nationale, 1904.1 online resource (102 p.)“...Haiti...”
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147Published 1905Port-au-Prince : Impr. Aug. A. Héraux, 1905.1 online resource (88 p.)“...Haiti...”
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148Published 1999Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Press nationales d'Haïti, 1999.1 online resource (p. [925]-956)“...Haiti...”
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149Published 1988Paris : Unesco, 1988.1 online resource (ii, 14 p.)“...Haiti...”
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150Published 1928Port-au-Prince : Impr. nationale, 1928.1 online resource (8 p.)“...Haiti...”
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151Published 1926Port-au-Prince : Impr. nationale, 1926.1 online resource (62 p.)“...Haiti...”
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152Published 1956Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Impr. de l'État, [1956]1 online resource (43 p.)“...Haiti...”
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153Published 1818New-York : James Tredwell, 1818.1 online resource (91 p.)“...Haiti...”
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154Published 1921Port-au-Prince : Impr. nationale, 1921.1 online resource (57 p.)“...Haiti...”
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155Published 1921Port-au-Prince : Impr. nationale, 1921.1 online resource (47 p.)“...Haiti...”
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156Published 1880[Port-au-Prince : Impr. nationale, 1880?]1 online resource (52 p.)“...Haiti...”
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157Published 1982[Port-au-Prince] : Presses nationales, 1982.1 online resource (16 p.) : ill.“...Haiti...”
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158Published 1927Port-au-Prince : Impr. nationale, 1927.1 online resource (18 p.)“...Haiti...”
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159Published 1959Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Impr. de l'État, [1959]1 online resource (14 p.)“...Haiti...”
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160Published 1984[Port-au-Prince, Haiti : Ministère de la justice, 1984]1 online resource (187 [i.e. 93] leaves)“...Haiti...”
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