Haiti
Haiti, ; French: ; }} officially the Republic of Haiti,; }} constitutions, and imperial declarations. Published writings of 1802–1919 in the United States commonly used the name ''Hayti'' (e.g. ''The Blue Book of Hayti'' (1919), a book with official standing in Haiti). By 1873 ''Haiti'' was common among titles of US published books as well as in US congressional publications. In all of Frederick Douglass' publications after 1890, he used ''Haiti''. As late as 1949, the name ''Hayti'' continued to be used in books published in England (e.g. ''Hayti: 145 Years of Independence—The Bi-Centenary of Port-au-Prince'' published in London, England in 1949) but by 1950, usage in England had shifted to ''Haiti''.}} is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of The Bahamas. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Haiti is the third largest country in the Caribbean, and with an estimated population of 11.4 million, is the most populous Caribbean country. The capital and largest city is Port-au-Prince.The island was originally inhabited by the Taíno people. The first Europeans arrived in December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus, establishing the first European settlement in the Americas, La Navidad, on what is now the northeastern coast of Haiti. The island formed part of the Spanish Empire until 1697, when the western portion was ceded to France and subsequently renamed Saint-Domingue. French colonists established sugarcane plantations, worked by slaves brought from Africa, which made the colony one of the world's richest.
In the midst of the French Revolution, enslaved persons, maroons, and free people of color launched the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), led by a former slave and general of the French Army, Toussaint Louverture. Napoleon's forces were defeated by Louverture's successor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines (later Emperor Jacques I), who declared Haiti's sovereignty on 1 January 1804, leading to a massacre of the French. Haiti became the first independent state in the Caribbean, the second republic in the Americas, the first country in the Americas to officially abolish slavery, and the only country in history established by a slave revolt.
The first century of independence was characterized by political instability, international isolation, crippling debt payments to France, and a costly war with the neighboring Dominican Republic. Political volatility and foreign economic influence prompted a U.S. occupation from 1915 to 1934. A series of unstable presidencies gave way to nearly three decades of dictatorship under the Duvalier family (1957–1986), which brought state-sanctioned violence, corruption, and economic stagnation. Following a coup d'état in 2004, the United Nations intervened to stabilize the country. In 2010, Haiti suffered a catastrophic earthquake, followed by a deadly cholera outbreak. With its deteriorating economic situation, the country has experienced a socioeconomic and political crisis marked by riots and protests, widespread hunger, and increased gang activity. As of May 2024, Haiti has no remaining elected government officials and has been described as a failed state.
Haiti is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States (OAS), Association of Caribbean States, and the . In addition to CARICOM, it is a member of the International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, and Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. Historically poor and politically unstable, Haiti has the lowest Human Development Index in the Americas. Provided by Wikipedia
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241[Port-au-Prince, Haïti] : [Département des relations extérieures?]1 online resource (volumes)Online version of the print publication.“...Haiti. Département des relations extérieures...”
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242Published 1984[Port-au-Prince] : Ministère de la justice, [1984]1 online resource (120 leaves) : ill.“...Haiti. Ministère de la justice...”
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243Published 1994Washington, D.C. : Dept. of State : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1994.1 online resource (5 p.)“...Haiti...”
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244Published 1931Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 1931.1 online resource (vii, 74, [2] p.) : ill., map.“...United States. Commission on Education in Haiti...”
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245Port-au-Prince : Impr. Aug. A. Héraux.“...Haiti. Département de la justice...”
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246Published 1988Washington, D.C. : Dept. of State : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1988.1 online resource (p. 3559-3566)“...Haiti...”
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247by Dabbas, Georges
Published 1981Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Département des finances et des affaires économiques, Administration générale des contributions, [1981]1 online resource (2 v.)“...Haiti. Administration générale des contributions...”
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248Published 1907Washington : G.P.O., 1907.1 online resource (p. 49-108)“...Haiti...”
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249Published 1921Port-au-Prince : Impr. nationale, 1921.1 online resource (239 p.)“...Haiti. Département des relations extérieures...”
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250Published 1896Port-au-Prince : Vve L. Chenet, 1896.1 online resource (41, iii p.) : ill.“...Haiti. Dép. des travaux publics...”
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251Published 1925[Port-au-Prince : Cie. Lithographique d'Haïti], 1925.1 online resource (42 p.)“...Haiti. Département des relations extérieures...”
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252
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253Published 1984Port-au-Prince : Le Bureau, 1984-v. : ill. ; 21 cm.“...Haiti. Bureau national d'ethnologie...”
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254Port-au-Prince : Société de médecine d'Haiti,v.“...Société de médecine d'Haiti...”
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255Published 1837Port-au-Prince : Impr. du gouvernement, [1837?]1 online resource (20 p.)“...Haiti. Chambre des représentans des communes...”
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256Published 1811Printed at Philadelphia : [s.n.], 1811.1 online resource (15, [1] p.)“...Haiti. Sovereign (1811-1820 : Henri Christophe)...”
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257Published 1810Cádiz : Con licencia, impreso por Quintana, 1810.1 online resource (103, [1] p., [5] plates) : ports.“...Haiti. Sovereign (1811-1820 : Henri Christophe)...”
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258Published 1965Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Impr. de l'État, [1965]1 online resource (263 p.)“...Haiti...”
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259Published 1904Port-au-Prince : F. Smith, 1904.1 online resource (16 p.)“...Haiti. President (1902-1908 : Nord-Alexis)...”
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260Published 1816London : Printed for W. Reed, law Bookseller ..., 1816.1 online resource ([4], xv, [1], 228 p.)“...Haiti. Sovereign (1811-1820 : Henri Christophe)...”
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