Haiti
![frameless](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Map_of_Haiti_and_the_neighboring_countries.jpg)
The island was originally inhabited by the Taíno people. The first Europeans arrived in December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus, establishing the first European settlement in the Americas, La Navidad, on what is now the northeastern coast of Haiti. The island formed part of the Spanish Empire until 1697, when the western portion was ceded to France and subsequently renamed Saint-Domingue. French colonists established sugarcane plantations, worked by enslaved persons brought from Africa, which made the colony one of the world's richest.
In the midst of the French Revolution, enslaved persons, maroons, and free people of color launched the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), led by a former slave and general of the French Army, Toussaint Louverture. Napoleon's forces were defeated by Louverture's successor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines (later Emperor Jacques I), who declared Haiti's sovereignty on 1 January 1804, leading to a massacre of the French. Haiti became the first independent nation in the Caribbean, the second republic in the Americas, the first country in the Americas to officially abolish slavery, and the only country in history established by a slave revolt.
The first century of independence was characterized by political instability, international isolation, crippling debt payments to France, and a costly war with neighboring Dominican Republic. Political volatility and foreign economic influence prompted a U.S. occupation from 1915 to 1934. A series of unstable presidencies gave way to nearly three decades of dictatorship under the Duvalier family (1957–1986), which brought state-sanctioned violence, corruption, and economic stagnation. Following a coup d'état in 2004, the United Nations intervened to stabilize the country. In 2010, Haiti suffered a catastrophic earthquake, followed by a deadly cholera outbreak. With its deteriorating economic situation, the country has experienced a socioeconomic and political crisis marked by riots and protests, widespread hunger, and increased gang activity. As of May 2024, Haiti has no remaining elected government officials and has been described as a failed state.
Haiti is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States (OAS), Association of Caribbean States, and the . In addition to CARICOM, it is a member of the International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, and Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. Historically poor and politically unstable, Haiti has the lowest Human Development Index in the Americas. Provided by Wikipedia
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221Published 1859### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Réimprimée aux Cayes : Impr. nationale, [1859?]1 online resource (20 p.)“...Haiti...”
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222Published 1963### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Impr. de l'État, 1963.1 online resource (164 p., [1] leaf of plates) : port.“...Haiti...”
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223Published 1943### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Le Bureau, 1943-v. : ill. ; 24 cm.“...Haiti. Bureau d'ethnologie...”
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224Published 1946### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : L'Institut, 1946-v. : ill., ports. ; 24-28 cm.“...Institut français d'Haiti...”
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225by Médina, Agoustine Franco de### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>
Published 1814[Cap-Henry : P. Roux, 1814?]1 online resource (8 p.)“...Haiti. Commission militaire spéciale...”
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226Published 1955### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>[Port-au-Prince] : Impr. Les Presses libres, [1955]1 online resource (109 p.)“...Haiti. Département du travail...”
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227Published 1937### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : Impr. de l'État, 1937.1 online resource (31 p.)“...Haiti. Assemblée nationale. Sénat...”
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228Published 1923### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : Impr. nationale, 1923.1 online resource (7 p.)“...Haiti. Commission des réclamations...”
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229Published 1958### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : Impr. nationale, -1958.volumes ; 20-24 cm.“...Haiti. Tribunal de cassation...”
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230Published 1946### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : L'Institut, 1946-v. : ill., ports. ; 24-28 cm.“...Institut français d'Haiti...”
Center for Research Libraries: no.120-121 (Jul-Dec 1973)
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231Port-au-Prince, De l'Impr. du Gouvernement.1 online resource (3 v.)“...Société philantropique d'Haïti...”
Center for Research Libraries: no.1 [Aug] 1824
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232Port-au-Prince, De l'Impr. du Gouvernement.3 v.“...Société philantropique d'Haïti...”
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233Published 1951### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince : Fédération de football, [1951]-volumes : illustrations.“...Fédération de football (Haiti)...”
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234Published 1961### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Impr. de l'État, 1961.1 online resource (ii, 146 p.)“...Haiti...”
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235Published 1958### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Impr. de l'État, [1958]1 online resource (24 p.) : port.“...Haiti...”
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236Published 1958### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince, Häiti : Impr. de l'́Etat, [1958]1 online resource (24 p.) : port.“...Haiti...”
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237Published 1813### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>[Au Cap-Henry : P. Roux, imprimeur du roi, 1813]1 online resource (12 p.)“...Haiti...”
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238Published 1940### CRL customization ### ?> ### Add publisher and desc details ### ?>Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Impr. de l'État, [19 -194-?]1 online resource ( v.)“...Haiti...”
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239Port-au-Prince.v. fol.“...Haiti. Relations extérieures, Département des...”
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240Port-au-Prince : Société de médecine d'Haiti,v.“...Société de médecine d'Haiti...”