Chile
Chile, , ), ~ on a spectrum from lower to upper classes, respectively, the former being a somewhat-stigmatized basilect. See the "Sample" section for an IPA-transcribed text in a lower-class form of the dialect.}}}} officially the Republic of Chile, .}} is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Chile had a population of 17.5 million as of the latest census in 2017 and has a territorial area of , sharing borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. The country also controls several Pacific islands, including Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island, and claims about of Antarctica as the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago, and the national language is Spanish.Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule; however, they failed to conquer the autonomous tribal Mapuche people who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. Chile emerged as a relatively stable authoritarian republic in the 1830s after their 1818 declaration of independence from Spain. During the 19th century, Chile experienced significant economic and territorial growth, putting an end to Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific (1879–83) by defeating Peru and Bolivia. In the 20th century, up until the 1970s, Chile underwent a process of democratization and experienced rapid population growth and urbanization, while relying increasingly on exports from copper mining to support its economy. During the 1960s and 1970s, the country was marked by severe left-right political polarization and turmoil, which culminated in the 1973 Chilean coup d'état that overthrew Salvador Allende's democratically elected left-wing government, with support from the United States. This was followed by a 16-year right-wing military dictatorship under Augusto Pinochet, in which the 1980 Chilean Constitution was made with the consultancy of the Ortúzar Commission as well as several political and economic reforms, and resulted in more than 3,000 deaths or disappearances. The regime ended in 1990, following a referendum in 1988, and was succeeded by a center-left coalition, which ruled until 2010.
Chile is a high-income economy and is one of the most economically and socially stable nations in South America. Chile also performs well in the region in terms of sustainability of the state and democratic development. Chile is a founding member of the United Nations, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), and the Pacific Alliance, and joined the OECD in 2010. Provided by Wikipedia
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321Published 1942Santiago de Chile, 1942-v. : ill.“...Pan-American Congress of Mining Engineering and Geology Santiago de Chile...”
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322Chile : CODEPU,v. : ill. ; 27 cm.“...Comité de Defensa de los Derechos del Pueblo (Chile)...”
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323Published 1978Santiago, Chile : National Forestry Corporation, 1978-“...Corporacion Nacional Forestal (Chile)...”
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324Published 1954Valparaíso : Publicados con el concurso de la UNESCO, 1954-1955.2 v. : ill. ; 24 cm.“...Congreso Latinoamericano de Oceanografía, Biología Marina y Pesca Valparaíso, Chile...”
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325Published 1889Paris, Imprimerie A. Lanier & ses Fils, 1899 [i.e. 1889][104] p.“...Chile. Comisión Exposición Universal, 1889, Paris...”
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326Published 1901Buffalo : [s.n.], 1901.252 p. : ill., plan, ports.“...Chile. Comisión para la Expositión pan-americana...”
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327Santiago, Instituto Bacteriológico de Chile.v. ill.“...Instituto Bacteriológico de Chile...”
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328Published 1949[Santiago] 1949.98 p.“...Chile. Dirección General de Servicios de Beneficencia y Asistencia Social...”
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329Published 1944Washington : National Archives, 1944.6 microfilm reels ; 35 mm.“...Chile. Embajada (U.S.)...”
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330by Prieto Concha, Camilo
Published 1925Santiago, Chile : Imp. y Enc. "Claret", 1925.43 p.“...Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Leyes, Ciencias Políticas y Teología...”
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331by Barceĺo, Jośe Agustin
Published 1872Santiago, Impr. del Correo, 1872.4 p. l., 192 p. 17 cm.“...Congregacíon de Santiago de Chile titulada Tercera de San Agustin...”
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332Santiago.ill. 27 cm.“...Universidad de Chile. Instituto de Investigaciones y Ensayes de Materiales...”
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333Santiago, Chile, Instituto Central de Neurocirugía y Neuropatología.v.“...Universidad de Chile...”
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334Published 1942Washington : National Archives, 1942.14 microfilm reels ; 35 mm.“...United States. Embassy (Chile)...”
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335Published 1961Washington, D.C. : National Archives, National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1961.5 microform reels ; 35 mm.“...United States. Consulate (Iquique, Chile)...”
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336Published 1969Santiago de Chile : Universidad Católica de Chile, Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Nacional, [1969]-volumes ; 25 cm.“...Universidad Católica de Chile. Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Nacional...”
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337Published 1944Santiago de Chile : Imp. Universitaria, 1944-1967.v. : ill., maps ; 26 cm.“...Universidad de Chile. Instituto de Biología...”
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338Published 19711971-1972.17 items : ill.“...Campamento Nueva Habana (Santiago, Chile)...”
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339Published 1901Buffalo, 1901.252 p. por., pl.“...Chile. Comisión para la Expositión Pan-Americana, 1901, Buffalo...”
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340Published 1898Santiago de Chile, Imprenta Nacional, 1898.42 p. 28 cm.“...Chile. Comisión Nombrada para Estudiar la Organización de las Escuelas de Santiago...”