Myanmar

[[Pagoda Myanmar,, }} officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; )}} and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).

Early civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell to Mongol invasions, and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty, the country became the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia for a short period. The early 19th-century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British East India Company seized control of the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century, and the country became a British colony. After a brief Japanese occupation, Myanmar was reconquered by the Allies. On 4 January 1948, Myanmar declared independence under the terms of the Burma Independence Act 1947.

Myanmar's post-independence history has continued to be checkered by unrest and conflict. The coup d'état in 1962 resulted in a military dictatorship under the Burma Socialist Programme Party. On 8 August 1988, the 8888 Uprising then resulted in a nominal transition to a multi-party system two years later, but the country's post-uprising military council refused to cede power, and has continued to rule the country through to the present. The country remains riven by ethnic strife among its myriad ethnic groups and has one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. The United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systemic human rights violations in the country. In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners were released and the 2015 Myanmar general election was held, leading to improved foreign relations and eased economic sanctions, although the country's treatment of its ethnic minorities, particularly in connection with the Rohingya conflict, continued to be a source of international tension and consternation. Following the 2020 Myanmar general election, in which Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a clear majority in both houses, the Burmese military (Tatmadaw) again seized power in a coup d'état. The coup, which was widely condemned by the international community, led to continuous ongoing widespread protests in Myanmar and has been marked by violent political repression by the military, as well as a larger outbreak of the civil war. The military also arrested Aung San Suu Kyi in order to remove her from public life, and charged her with crimes ranging from corruption to the violation of COVID-19 protocols; all of the charges against her are "politically motivated" according to independent observers.

Myanmar is a member of the East Asia Summit, Non-Aligned Movement, ASEAN, and BIMSTEC, but it is not a member of the Commonwealth of Nations despite once being part of the British Empire. Myanmar is a Dialogue Partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The country is very rich in natural resources, such as jade, gems, oil, natural gas, teak and other minerals, as well as also endowed with renewable energy, having the highest solar power potential compared to other countries of the Great Mekong Subregion. However, Myanmar has long suffered from instability, factional violence, corruption, poor infrastructure, as well as a long history of colonial exploitation with little regard to human development. In 2013, its GDP (nominal) stood at US$56.7 billion and its GDP (PPP) at US$221.5 billion. The income gap in Myanmar is among the widest in the world, as a large proportion of the economy is controlled by cronies of the military junta. Myanmar is one of the least developed countries; as of 2020, according to the Human Development Index, it ranks 147 out of 189 countries in terms of human development, the lowest in Southeast Asia. Since 2021, more than 600,000 people were displaced across Myanmar due to the surge in violence post-coup, with more than 3 million people in dire need of humanitarian assistance. Provided by Wikipedia
Showing 181 - 200 results of 515 for search 'Burma', query time: 0.03s Refine Results
  1. 181
    [Rangoon] : Director of Information, Burma,
    v. : ill. ; 24 cm.
    ...Burma. Information and Broadcasting Dept...
  2. 182
    Published 1980
    Ranʻ kunʻ : Cā pe Bimānʻ ʼa phvaiʹ, 1980.
    2 v. in 1 (407 p.) : ill. ; 22 cm.
    ...Cā pe Bimānʻ (Burma)...
  3. 183
    Published 1887
    Rangoon : The Superintendent, Government Printing, 1887.
    1 v.
    ...Burma. Superintendent, Shan States...
  4. 184
    Published 2003
    Bangkok : ALTSEAN Burma, [2003]
    viii, 204 p. : ill. ; 21 cm.
    ...Alternative Asean Network on Burma...
  5. 185
    Published 1920
    Rangoon, Burma : Superintendent, Government Printing, 1920-
    v. : maps.
    ...Burma. Dept. of Land Records...
  6. 186
    Published 1992
    Bangkok, Thailand : B.U.R.M.A., 1992.
    [35] leaves : ill., map ; 30 cm.
    ...Burma Rights Movement for Action...
  7. 187
    Rangoon, Burma : Printed by the Superintendent, Government Printing,
    v.
    ...Burma. Paññā reʺ Ṭhāna...
  8. 188
    Rangoon, Office of the Supt., Govt. Print., Burma.
    v.
    ...Burma. Superintendent of Census Operations...
  9. 189
    Published 1992
    Ranʻ kunʻ : Cā pe Bimānʻ, 1992.
    2 v. ; 24 cm.
    ...Cā pe Bimānʻ (Burma)...
  10. 190
    Rangoon : Supdt., Government Print. and Stationery, Burma.
    volumes ; 25 cm.
    ...Burma. Legislature. House of Representatives...
  11. 191
    Published 1897
    Rangoon, Burma : Printed by the Superintendent, Government Printing, 1897-
    v.
    ...Burma. Paññā reʺ Ṭhāna...
  12. 192
    Published 1936
    Rangoon, Burma : Supdt., Government Printing and Stationery, 1936-
    v.
    ...Burma. Paññā reʺ Ṭhāna...
  13. 193
    Published 1934
    Rangoon, Burma : Superintendent, Government Printing, 1934-1935.
    3 v.
    ...Burma. Paññā reʺ Ṭhāna...
  14. 194
    Published 1924
    Rangoon, Burma : Superintendent, Government Printing, 1924-1932.
    8 v. : ill.
    ...Burma. Paññā reʺ Ṭhāna...
  15. 195
    Published 1887
    Rangoon : Printed at the Government Press, -1887.
    v.: ill., maps.
    ...Burma. Office of the Collector of Customs...
  16. 196
    Published 1889
    Rangoon, Burma : Printed by the Superintendent, Government Printing, -1889.
    v. : ill., maps.
    ...Burma. Office of the Collector of Customs...
  17. 197
    Published 1937
    Calcutta : Government of India, -1937.
    v.
    ...Burma. Office of the Collector of Customs...
  18. 198
    Nagpur, C.P. : V.V. Chitaley.
    1 online resource (9 volumes)
    Also issued in print.
    ...Burma, Lower. Chief Court...
    LLMC Digital
    Online Resource
  19. 199
    Published 1910
    Calcutta : Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1910.
    1 online resource (xvi, 741 pages)
    ...Burma...
    Center for Research Libraries
    Online Resource
  20. 200
    Published 1899
    Calcutta, Office of the Superintendent, Govt. Print, India, 1899.
    1 online resource (xi, 648 pages)
    ...Burma...
    Center for Research Libraries
    Online Resource

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